CAA
U.S. federal law regulating air emissions and quality standards
ISO 28000
International standard for supply chain security management systems
Quick Verdict
CAA mandates U.S. air quality standards and emissions controls for all industries, enforced by EPA with penalties. ISO 28000 provides voluntary supply chain security framework for global resilience. Companies adopt CAA for legal compliance; ISO 28000 for certification and risk management.
CAA
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. §7401 et seq.)
Key Features
- Sets NAAQS for six criteria pollutants protecting public health
- Mandates SIPs under cooperative federalism for attainment planning
- Imposes NSPS and MACT technology-based emission standards
- Requires Title V permits consolidating all compliance obligations
- Enables acid rain cap-and-trade market-based allowances
ISO 28000
ISO 28000:2022 Security management systems — Requirements
Key Features
- Risk-based supply chain threat assessment and treatment
- PDCA cycle for continual security improvement
- Leadership-driven security policy and governance
- Supplier and third-party security controls
- Integrated performance monitoring and auditing
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
CAA Details
What It Is
Clean Air Act (CAA), codified at 42 U.S.C. §7401 et seq., is the primary U.S. federal statute regulating air emissions from stationary and mobile sources. Its primary purpose is protecting public health and welfare through ambient air quality standards and source controls. It employs cooperative federalism, blending national standards with state implementation.
Key Components
- NAAQS for six criteria pollutants (primary/secondary standards).
- SIPs, NSPS, NESHAP/MACT, Title V permits, enforcement tools.
- Built on 1970/1977/1990 amendments; no formal certification, but federally enforceable via permits/SIPs.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandatory compliance avoids penalties, sanctions, shutdowns; enables permitting, expansions. Reduces enforcement/litigation risks, supports ESG, ensures operational continuity in nonattainment areas.
Implementation Overview
Phased: applicability assessment, emissions inventory, permitting (Title V/NSR), controls/monitoring (CEMS), reporting (CEDRI/ECMPS). Applies to major sources/industry nationwide; audited via inspections, electronic data.
ISO 28000 Details
What It Is
ISO 28000:2022 is an international management system standard titled Security and resilience — Security management systems — Requirements. It defines requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving a security management system (SMS) for supply chains. The standard uses a risk-based, PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach to identify threats, vulnerabilities, and controls across ecosystems.
Key Components
- 10 clauses aligned with **ISO High Level Structure (HLS)context, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, improvement.
- Focuses on risk assessment/treatment, security policy, operational controls, incident response, supplier governance.
- Built on ISO 31000 risk principles; certifiable via accredited bodies (ISO 28003).
Why Organizations Use It
- Addresses theft, sabotage, disruptions; reduces incident costs, insurance premiums.
- Meets contractual/regulatory drivers (e.g., C-TPAT equivalents), enables trade facilitation.
- Provides competitive edge, stakeholder trust, integration with ISO 9001/22301/27001.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: scoping, gap analysis, risk strategy, design/rollout, monitoring, certification.
- Scalable for all sizes/industries (logistics, manufacturing, pharma); 6-36 months typical.
Key Differences
| Aspect | CAA | ISO 28000 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Air emissions, NAAQS, stationary/mobile sources | Supply chain security management system |
| Industry | All U.S. industries, stationary/mobile sources | Logistics, manufacturing, any supply chain |
| Nature | Mandatory U.S. federal law, enforceable | Voluntary international management standard |
| Testing | CEMS, stack tests, Title V permits | Internal audits, management reviews, certification |
| Penalties | Fines, sanctions, FIPs, citizen suits | Loss of certification, no legal penalties |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about CAA and ISO 28000
CAA FAQ
ISO 28000 FAQ
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