COPPA
U.S. federal regulation protecting children's online privacy under 13
GRI
Global framework for sustainability impact reporting
Quick Verdict
COPPA mandates parental consent for children's online data collection, enforced by FTC fines up to $170M. GRI provides voluntary sustainability reporting framework for impacts on economy, environment, people. Companies adopt COPPA for legal compliance, GRI for stakeholder transparency and strategic ESG advantage.
COPPA
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Key Features
- Mandates verifiable parental consent before collecting child data
- Targets operators directing content to children under 13
- Expansive personal information including persistent IDs and geolocation
- Requires privacy policies and parental data access rights
- FTC enforcement with penalties up to $43,792 per violation
GRI
GRI Standards
Key Features
- Impact-based materiality assessment process
- Modular Universal, Sector, Topic Standards
- Mandatory GRI Content Index for traceability
- Value chain and supplier impact disclosures
- Reporting principles emphasizing balance, verifiability
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
COPPA Details
What It Is
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), enacted in 1998 and effective 2000, is a U.S. federal regulation enforced by the FTC. It protects children under 13 from unauthorized online personal data collection by commercial websites, apps, and IoT devices directed to kids or with actual knowledge of users' age. Core approach mandates verifiable parental consent prior to collection, use, or disclosure, with 2013 amendments expanding scope to persistent identifiers, geolocation, and multimedia.
Key Components
- Verifiable parental consent (VPC) via 11+ methods like credit card or video calls.
- Broad personal information definition: names, addresses, device IDs, photos/videos.
- Requirements for privacy notices, data security, parental access/review/deletion.
- Data minimization and safe harbors for self-regulation.
Why Organizations Use It
Ensures legal compliance avoiding fines up to $43,792 per violation (e.g., YouTube's $170M). Builds parental trust, reduces breach risks, enhances reputation. Applies globally to U.S. children's data, aiding risk management amid rising enforcement.
Implementation Overview
Operators assess child-directed content, post policies, deploy age screens/VPC mechanisms, limit data collection. Suited for commercial entities handling kids' data; involves audits via safe harbors like ESRB. Ongoing: monitor changes, train staff. Typical for apps, sites, edtech.
GRI Details
What It Is
GRI Standards, officially the Global Reporting Initiative Standards, are a modular framework for sustainability reporting. They focus on disclosing significant economic, environmental, and social impacts using an impact-centric materiality approach, prioritizing actual and potential effects on stakeholders over purely financial concerns.
Key Components
- Universal Standards (GRI 1 Foundation, GRI 2 General Disclosures, GRI 3 Material Topics) for baseline requirements.
- Topic Standards (e.g., GRI 403 Occupational Health & Safety, GRI 308 Supplier Environmental Assessment) for specific disclosures.
- Sector Standards for high-impact industries like oil & gas, mining. Built on principles like accuracy, balance, verifiability; compliance via GRI Content Index; no formal certification, but assurance recommended.
Why Organizations Use It
Drives accountability, regulatory alignment (e.g., EU CSRD), risk management for HES impacts, stakeholder trust, benchmarking, and interoperability with SASB/ISSB. Enhances reputation, capital access, operational efficiency.
Implementation Overview
Phased: materiality assessment, data systems, management approaches, reporting. Applies universally; involves governance, stakeholder engagement, supplier due diligence; external assurance for credibility. (178 words)
Key Differences
| Aspect | COPPA | GRI |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Children's online privacy under 13 | Sustainability impacts on economy, environment, people |
| Industry | Websites, apps, online services globally | All industries/sectors worldwide, any size |
| Nature | Mandatory US federal law, FTC enforced | Voluntary global reporting standards |
| Testing | FTC audits, safe harbor program reviews | Internal audits, external assurance optional |
| Penalties | $43,792 per violation, $170M fines | No legal penalties, reputational risks |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about COPPA and GRI
COPPA FAQ
GRI FAQ
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