What is the primary objective of **COPPA**?

**The primary objective of COPPA is to protect the privacy of children under 13 years old from unauthorized online collection, use, or disclosure of their personal information by operators of commercial websites, online services, mobile apps, and IoT devices.** Enacted in 1998 and effective April 21, 2000, COPPA empowers parents with verifiable parental consent (VPC) requirements before any data collection, mandates clear privacy policies, and ensures data security, access, review, and deletion rights [1][2][7].

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with **COPPA**?

**Operators of commercial websites, online services, mobile apps, and IoT devices that are directed to children under 13 or have actual knowledge of collecting personal information from them must comply with COPPA.** This includes entities collecting or benefiting from such data (e.g., ad networks), with extraterritorial application to services processing U.S. children's data; non-profits are exempt if not commercial [1][2][3][7][9].

Does **COPPA** require an external audit or third-party certification?

**COPPA does not mandate external audits or third-party certification for all operators, but participation in FTC-approved safe harbor programs (e.g., iKeepSafe approved 2014, ESRB modified 2018) involves self-regulatory audits.** Operators must implement internal measures like data security and VPC, with FTC enforcement focusing on compliance evidence rather than routine certifications [1][3][7].

How often should an assessment for **COPPA** be performed?

**COPPA does not prescribe a fixed frequency for assessments, but operators should conduct regular internal reviews, particularly after data collection changes, technology updates, or FTC rule amendments (e.g., 2013 expansion).** Ongoing monitoring for "actual knowledge" via analytics and safe harbor participation ensures continuous compliance amid evolving enforcement [1][2][7][9].

What are the consequences of non-compliance with **COPPA**?

**Non-compliance with COPPA results in civil penalties up to $43,792 per violation, enforced by the FTC as unfair or deceptive practices under Section 5 of the FTC Act, with state AGs able to sue.** Notable cases include YouTube's $170 million fine in 2019 for unconsented tracking on child-directed content [2][3][7].

Can **COPPA** be mapped to other international frameworks?

**Yes, COPPA's requirements for parental consent, data minimization, and child privacy protections can be mapped to elements in other international frameworks, though it remains a standalone U.S. federal law.** Its strict under-13 threshold and persistent identifier definitions provide a baseline for global child data strategies, with precedents like ESRB's worldwide gaming extensions [2][3][9][10].

What is the first step to begin implementing **COPPA**?

**The first step to implement COPPA is to conduct an audience analysis to determine if your service is directed to children under 13 or risks actual knowledge of their data collection.** Post a comprehensive privacy policy, assess personal information scope (e.g., names, device IDs, geolocation), and prepare VPC mechanisms like credit card verification [2][7][9][10].

What is the primary objective of **ISO 28000**?

**ISO 28000:2022 specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving a security management system (SMS) with explicit relevance to supply chain security.** It operationalizes a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle across Clauses 4–10, embedding risk assessment (aligned with ISO 31000), leadership commitment, operational controls, performance evaluation, and continual improvement to manage threats like malicious acts, disruptions, and interdependencies in physical, human, and information domains.

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with **ISO 28000**?

**ISO 28000 applies to all organization types and sizes across any activity, internal or external, but is not legally mandatory.** It is professionally relevant for logistics providers, manufacturers, retailers, ports, and government agencies influencing supply chain security, driven by customer requirements, contractual flow-downs, insurance demands, or trade facilitation programs. Organizations must tailor via context analysis (Clause 4) without sector-specific thresholds.

Does **ISO 28000** require an external audit or third-party certification?

**ISO 28000 supports conformity verification via internal or external auditing but does not mandate third-party certification.** Certification follows ISO 28003 guidelines through accredited bodies via Stage 1 (design review) and Stage 2 (implementation) audits, with surveillance thereafter. Internal audits (Clause 9.2) are required at planned intervals to ensure SMS effectiveness.

How often should an assessment for **ISO 28000** be performed?

**Risk assessments under ISO 28000 must be maintained as an ongoing process per Clause 8.3, with frequency determined by risk evaluation results.** Internal audits occur at planned intervals via a risk-based program (Clause 9.2), considering process importance and prior results. Management reviews (Clause 9.3) happen at planned intervals to evaluate performance.

What are the consequences of non-compliance with **ISO 28000**?

**Non-compliance with ISO 28000 exposes organizations to operational disruptions, financial losses from security incidents, and failure to meet contractual or stakeholder security requirements.** As a voluntary standard, it carries no direct legal penalties, but gaps in SMS (e.g., inadequate risk treatment) can lead to supply chain failures, reputational damage, higher insurance costs, and exclusion from certified partner networks.

Can **ISO 28000** be mapped to other international frameworks?

**Yes, ISO 28000:2022 aligns structurally with Annex SL-based standards via its PDCA clause structure (Clauses 4–10).** It explicitly references ISO 31000 for risk processes (Clause 8.3), ISO 22300 vocabulary, and ISO 22301 for security plans (Clause 8.6), enabling integrated systems, combined audits, and shared governance for risk, resilience, and related disciplines.

What is the first step to begin implementing **ISO 28000**?

**The first step is determining the context of the organization, including internal/external issues, interested parties, and SMS scope per Clause 4.** This involves supply chain mapping, identifying applicable legal/regulatory requirements (Clause 4.2.2), and documenting boundaries, especially for externally provided processes, to establish a tailored foundation before leadership policy (Clause 5).

COPPA vs ISO 28000

Standards Comparison

COPPA

Mandatory

1998

U.S. regulation requiring parental consent for child online data

ISO 28000

Voluntary

2022

International standard for supply chain security management systems.

Quick Verdict

COPPA protects children's online privacy under 13 via parental consent and FTC enforcement, while ISO 28000 builds supply chain security management systems through risk assessment and certification. Companies adopt COPPA for legal compliance; ISO 28000 for resilience and market trust.

Children Privacy

COPPA

Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)

Cost

€€€€

Complexity

High

Implementation Time

6-12 months

Key Features

1. Requires verifiable parental consent before child data collection
2. Protects children under 13 on child-directed platforms
3. Expansive PII definition includes persistent IDs, geolocation
4. Applies to operators with actual knowledge of minors
5. FTC enforces with up to $43,792 per-violation fines

Supply Chain Security

ISO 28000

ISO 28000:2022 Security management systems — Requirements

Cost

€€€€

Complexity

High

Implementation Time

12-18 months

Key Features

Risk-based supply chain security management
PDCA cycle for continual improvement
Integration with ISO 31000 and 22301
Tailored operational controls and plans
Third-party supplier risk governance

Detailed Analysis

A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.

COPPA Details

What It Is

Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) is a U.S. federal regulation enacted in 1998, effective 2000, enforced by the FTC. It protects children under 13 from unauthorized online personal data collection by commercial websites, apps, and IoT devices directed at kids or with actual knowledge of child users. Core approach mandates verifiable parental consent (VPC) prior to collection, use, or disclosure, with 2013 amendments expanding personal information (PII) scope.

Key Components

**Five core requirementsNotice, VPC, parental access/review/deletion, data security, no conditioning.
Expansive PII: names, addresses, persistent identifiers, geolocation, audio/video with child likeness.
VPC methods: 11+ options like credit cards, video calls (sliding scale by risk).
Safe harbors for self-regulatory compliance.

Why Organizations Use It

Legal obligation for applicable operators avoids $43,792 per-violation fines (e.g., YouTube's $170M). Enhances parental trust, reduces breach risks, supports global U.S.-targeted services. Builds reputation in edtech, gaming, adtech.

Implementation Overview

Assess child-directed content, post privacy policies, deploy age screens/VPC mechanisms, minimize data, secure storage. Applies to commercial operators worldwide targeting U.S. kids; FTC audits/enforces, safe harbors optional. Typical for small apps: 6-12 months; involves analytics for 'actual knowledge,' third-party audits.

ISO 28000 Details

What It Is

ISO 28000:2022 is an international standard specifying requirements for a security management system (SMS) focused on supply chain security. It provides a risk-based framework for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving security processes using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, aligned with other ISO management systems.

Key Components

Clauses 4-10 cover context, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, and improvement.
Emphasizes risk assessment (aligned with ISO 31000), operational controls, security plans, and continual improvement.
No fixed controls; tailored via risk treatment.
Supports third-party certification per ISO 28003.

Why Organizations Use It

Reduces supply chain risks like theft, sabotage, disruptions.
Meets contractual, regulatory, insurance needs.
Enhances resilience, market access, stakeholder trust.
Integrates with ISO 9001, ISO 22301, ISO/IEC 27001.

Implementation Overview

Phased: gap analysis, risk assessment, controls deployment, audits.
Applicable to all sizes/sectors; scalable.
Involves training, documentation, internal audits, management reviews; certification optional via accredited bodies. (178 words)

Key Differences

Aspect	COPPA	ISO 28000
Scope	Children's online privacy under 13	Supply chain security management
Industry	Online services, apps, edtech global	Logistics, manufacturing all sectors
Nature	US federal law, FTC enforced	Voluntary ISO certification standard
Testing	FTC audits, safe harbor programs	Internal audits, certification audits
Penalties	$43k per violation fines	No legal penalties, certification loss

Scope

COPPA

Children's online privacy under 13

ISO 28000

Supply chain security management

Industry

COPPA

Online services, apps, edtech global

ISO 28000

Logistics, manufacturing all sectors

Nature

COPPA

US federal law, FTC enforced

ISO 28000

Voluntary ISO certification standard

Testing

COPPA

FTC audits, safe harbor programs

ISO 28000

Internal audits, certification audits

Penalties

COPPA

$43k per violation fines

ISO 28000

No legal penalties, certification loss

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about COPPA and ISO 28000

COPPA FAQ

ISO 28000 FAQ

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COPPA

ISO 28000

Quick Verdict

COPPA

Key Features

ISO 28000

Key Features

Detailed Analysis

COPPA Details

What It Is

Key Components

Why Organizations Use It

Implementation Overview

ISO 28000 Details

What It Is

Key Components

Why Organizations Use It

Implementation Overview

Key Differences

Scope

Industry

Nature

Testing

Penalties

Frequently Asked Questions

COPPA FAQ

What is the primary objective of COPPA?

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with COPPA?

Does COPPA require an external audit or third-party certification?

How often should an assessment for COPPA be performed?

What are the consequences of non-compliance with COPPA?

Can COPPA be mapped to other international frameworks?

What is the first step to begin implementing COPPA?

ISO 28000 FAQ

What is the primary objective of ISO 28000?

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with ISO 28000?

Does ISO 28000 require an external audit or third-party certification?

How often should an assessment for ISO 28000 be performed?

What are the consequences of non-compliance with ISO 28000?

Can ISO 28000 be mapped to other international frameworks?

What is the first step to begin implementing ISO 28000?

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Check out these other Gradum.io Standards Comparison Pages

PIPL vs ISO 22301

FERPA vs EMAS

PMBOK vs SAMA CSF