EPA
U.S. federal environmental standards for air, water, waste
FSSC 22000
GFSI-benchmarked certification scheme for food safety systems.
Quick Verdict
EPA enforces mandatory environmental regulations for US industries via permits and monitoring, while FSSC 22000 offers voluntary global food safety certification. Companies adopt EPA for legal compliance; FSSC 22000 for market access and supply chain trust.
EPA
Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations - EPA Standards
Key Features
- Multi-layered system: statutes, 40 CFR, permits, monitoring
- Evidence-driven compliance via QA/QC and reporting
- Hybrid technology- and health-based standards
- Federal-state layered implementation architecture
- Predictable enforcement with civil penalties and settlements
FSSC 22000
FSSC 22000 Food Safety System Certification
Key Features
- GFSI-benchmarked FSMS certification scheme
- Integrates ISO 22000, PRPs, Additional Requirements
- Food defense and fraud vulnerability assessments
- Sector-specific PRPs for food chain categories
- Food safety culture and quality control mandates
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
EPA Details
What It Is
EPA standards refer to Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR), implementing major U.S. environmental statutes like Clean Air Act (CAA), Clean Water Act (CWA), and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). This regulatory framework establishes legally binding performance requirements for air, water, and waste management. It uses a systems-based approach combining national baselines, technology- and health-based limits, permitting, and enforcement.
Key Components
- Numeric limits, thresholds, and work practices across media.
- Permitting (NPDES, Title V, RCRA), monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting.
- Technology tiers (BPT/BAT/NSPS) and election provisions.
- Strict compliance model with federal oversight and state implementation.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandated for regulated entities to avoid penalties, shutdowns, and liabilities. Drives risk management, operational efficiency, ESG alignment, and access to grants/markets. Builds stakeholder trust via transparency tools like ECHO.
Implementation Overview
Phased: gap analysis, controls design, deployment, audits. Applies to industries like manufacturing, energy; high complexity due to state variations. No central certification; compliance via audits, permits, self-reporting.
FSSC 22000 Details
What It Is
FSSC 22000 (Food Safety System Certification 22000) is a globally recognized, GFSI-benchmarked certification scheme for Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS). It applies across food chain categories like manufacturing, packaging, logistics, and catering. The scheme uses a risk-based, PDCA management system approach integrating ISO 22000:2018 requirements.
Key Components
- Three pillars: ISO 22000:2018 (clauses 4-10), sector-specific PRPs (e.g., ISO/TS 22002 series), FSSC Additional Requirements (e.g., food defense, fraud, allergens).
- Covers hazard analysis, HACCP principles, culture, quality control.
- Built on PDCA cycle; certification via licensed bodies per ISO 22003-1:2022.
Why Organizations Use It
- Meets buyer requirements, enables global trade.
- Reduces recalls, enhances supply-chain trust.
- Manages risks like adulteration, allergens; supports SDGs.
- Builds reputation via public register.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: gap analysis, FSMS design, training, audits.
- For food chain organizations worldwide; 6-24 months typical.
- Requires Stage 1/2 audits, surveillance; multi-site options.
Key Differences
| Aspect | EPA | FSSC 22000 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Environmental protection across air, water, waste | Food safety management systems and PRPs |
| Industry | All industrial sectors, multi-state US operations | Food chain: manufacturing, packaging, logistics globally |
| Nature | Mandatory federal regulations with enforcement | Voluntary GFSI-benchmarked certification scheme |
| Testing | Monitoring, sampling, DMRs, inspections by EPA/states | Third-party audits, surveillance, recertification cycles |
| Penalties | Civil/criminal fines, injunctions, facility shutdowns | Loss of certification, no legal penalties |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about EPA and FSSC 22000
EPA FAQ
FSSC 22000 FAQ
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