EPA
U.S. federal regulations protecting air, water, waste environments
ISO 19600
Guidelines for compliance management systems.
Quick Verdict
EPA enforces mandatory U.S. environmental regulations via permits and monitoring, while ISO 19600 provides voluntary guidelines for building compliance management systems. Companies adopt EPA for legal compliance; ISO 19600 for structured risk management.
EPA
U.S. EPA Regulatory Standards (40 CFR)
Key Features
- Multi-layered standards across CAA, CWA, RCRA programs
- Technology-based and health-based performance requirements
- Permitting systems for site-specific enforceable obligations
- Evidence-driven compliance via monitoring and QA/QC
- Federal-state implementation with strict enforcement pathways
ISO 19600
ISO 19600:2014 Compliance management systems — Guidelines
Key Features
- Risk-based compliance management framework
- Principles of good governance and proportionality
- Annex SL structure for system integration
- Scalable for all organization sizes
- PDCA cycle for continuous improvement
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
EPA Details
What It Is
EPA standards are a family of legally binding U.S. federal environmental regulations codified in 40 CFR, implementing statutes like CAA, CWA, and RCRA. They establish performance requirements for emissions, discharges, and waste to protect public health and ecosystems through risk-based (health endpoints) and technology-based controls.
Key Components
- Numeric limits, thresholds, and work practices across air, water, waste media.
- Permitting (NPDES, Title V), monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting systems.
- Enforcement with civil penalties, injunctive relief; federal-state implementation.
- No single certification; compliance via permits, audits, self-reporting.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandated for regulated entities to avoid penalties, shutdowns, liabilities. Drives risk reduction, operational efficiency, ESG alignment; builds stakeholder trust amid transparency tools like ECHO.
Implementation Overview
Phased: gap analysis, EMS design, controls deployment, training, audits. Applies to industrial facilities nationwide; ongoing via PDCA, regulatory tracking. High complexity demands cross-functional teams, data governance.
ISO 19600 Details
What It Is
ISO 19600:2014 — Compliance management systems — Guidelines is a Type B guidance standard from the International Organization for Standardization. Its primary purpose is providing recommendations for establishing, implementing, evaluating, maintaining, and improving a Compliance Management System (CMS). It adopts a risk-based approach with a high-level structure mirroring Annex SL, applicable to all organization sizes and sectors.
Key Components
- Ten clauses: context, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, improvement.
- Core principles: good governance, proportionality, transparency, sustainability.
- Built on PDCA cycle; integrates with ISO 9001, 14001.
- No mandatory requirements or certification; self-benchmarking model.
Why Organizations Use It
- Mitigates legal penalties, operational risks, reputational damage.
- Enhances efficiency (10-20% cost savings), decision-making, market access.
- Builds integrity culture, future-proofs for ISO 37301.
- Demonstrates compliance to regulators, stakeholders.
Implementation Overview
Phased roadmap: leadership commitment, gap analysis, design, rollout, continuous improvement. Scalable for SMEs to multinationals, all industries. No formal certification; internal audits per ISO 19011.
Key Differences
| Aspect | EPA | ISO 19600 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Environmental statutes (CAA, CWA, RCRA) | Compliance management systems guidelines |
| Industry | All industries with environmental impact | All organizations, all sectors worldwide |
| Nature | Mandatory U.S. federal regulations | Voluntary international guidelines (withdrawn) |
| Testing | Monitoring, sampling, inspections, DMRs | Internal audits, management reviews |
| Penalties | Civil/criminal fines, enforcement actions | No penalties (self-improvement framework) |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about EPA and ISO 19600
EPA FAQ
ISO 19600 FAQ
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