EPA
Federal regulations for air, water, waste protection compliance
ISO 31000
International guidelines for enterprise risk management
Quick Verdict
EPA mandates environmental compliance via enforceable standards for U.S. industries, while ISO 31000 offers voluntary risk management guidelines for all organizations. Companies adopt EPA to avoid penalties; ISO 31000 to enhance decision-making and resilience.
EPA
U.S. EPA Standards under 40 CFR Title 40
Key Features
- Multi-layered standards under CAA, CWA, RCRA in 40 CFR
- Technology- and health-based performance limits and criteria
- Site-specific permitting translating national baselines locally
- Evidence-driven compliance via monitoring, QA/QC, DMRs
- Predictable enforcement with penalties, settlements, SEPs
ISO 31000
ISO 31000:2018 Risk management — Guidelines
Key Features
- Eight core principles for effective risk management
- Leadership commitment and governance integration
- Iterative six-step risk management process
- Customizable framework for any organization
- Non-certifiable guidelines emphasizing continual improvement
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
EPA Details
What It Is
EPA standards are legally binding regulatory requirements issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under statutes like Clean Air Act (CAA), Clean Water Act (CWA), and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), codified in 40 CFR. They protect human health and environment via performance standards, permits, monitoring, and enforcement. Key approach blends technology-based controls (e.g., MACT, effluent guidelines) with health-based criteria (e.g., NAAQS, WQS).
Key Components
- Numeric limits, thresholds, work practices for air emissions, discharges, waste.
- Permitting mechanisms (NPDES, Title V, RCRA) for site-specific obligations.
- Monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting with QA/QC and e-reporting (DMRs).
- Enforcement structures with civil/criminal penalties. Compliance via demonstrated performance, no central certification.
Why Organizations Use It
- Avoid strict liability penalties, shutdowns, criminal risks.
- Manage multi-media compliance, reduce legacy liabilities.
- Gain ESG advantages, operational efficiencies, stakeholder trust via ECHO transparency.
- Strategic adaptation to dynamic rulemakings.
Implementation Overview
Phased gap analysis, controls design, deployment, audits. Applies to regulated industries (energy, manufacturing). Federal-state oversight requires ongoing monitoring, state-specific adjustments, internal EMS.
ISO 31000 Details
What It Is
ISO 31000:2018, Risk management — Guidelines is an International Organization for Standardization framework providing non-certifiable guidance for systematic risk management. Its primary purpose is to help organizations of any size or sector manage uncertainty affecting objectives, using a principles-based, iterative approach focused on creating and protecting value.
Key Components
- **Three pillars8 principles (e.g., integrated, customized, dynamic), framework (leadership, integration, design, implementation, evaluation, improvement), and 6-step process (communication, scope/context/criteria, assessment, treatment, monitoring/review, recording/reporting).
- Built on PDCA cycle; no fixed controls, emphasizes flexibility.
- Non-certifiable guidelines model.
Why Organizations Use It
- Enhances decision-making, resilience, and value creation.
- Supports governance, strategy, and operations; builds stakeholder trust.
- Addresses regulatory expectations indirectly; competitive edge via risk-informed strategies.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: leadership alignment, gap analysis, pilot, rollout, monitoring.
- Tailored to context; involves policy, training, tools like GRC platforms.
- Universal applicability; no audits required, internal assurance suffices. (178 words)
Key Differences
| Aspect | EPA | ISO 31000 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Environmental compliance standards across air/water/waste | Enterprise-wide risk management principles and process |
| Industry | Regulated industrial sectors (energy/manufacturing) | All organizations/sectors worldwide |
| Nature | Mandatory U.S. federal regulations with enforcement | Voluntary non-certifiable guidelines |
| Testing | Mandatory monitoring/sampling/inspections by EPA/states | Internal reviews/audits for framework effectiveness |
| Penalties | Civil/criminal fines, shutdowns, settlements | No legal penalties (internal governance only) |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about EPA and ISO 31000
EPA FAQ
ISO 31000 FAQ
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