What It Is

K-PIPA, or Personal Information Protection Act, is South Korea's comprehensive data privacy regulation enacted in 2011 with major amendments in 2020, 2023, and 2024. It governs collection, use, storage, transfer, and destruction of personal information by public and private entities, including foreign operators targeting Koreans. Employing a consent-centric, risk-based approach, it emphasizes explicit opt-ins, data minimization, and accountability.

Key Components

• Core principles: transparency, purpose limitation, minimization, accuracy.
• Obligations: mandatory CPOs, granular consents, security measures (encryption, access controls), data subject rights (access, erasure, portability within 10 days).
• Breach response: 72-hour notifications; cross-border transfers via consent or certifications like ISMS-P.
• Enforcement by PIPC with fines up to 3% revenue.

Why Organizations Use It

Compliance avoids severe penalties (e.g., Google's $50M fine), builds trust, enables market access, and supports AI/data innovation via pseudonymization. Enhances reputation and aligns with GDPR for adequacy.

Implementation Overview

Phased approach: gap analysis, CPO appointment, policy development, technical controls, training, audits. Applies to all data handlers domestically/extraterritorially; no certification but PIPC guidelines and voluntary ISMS-P recommended. Suits all sizes, especially large entities with scaled duties.

What It Is

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) is a US federal regulation establishing national standards for protecting individuals' health information. It focuses on privacy, security, and breach notification for protected health information (PHI) and electronic PHI (ePHI), using a risk-based, flexible approach scalable to organization size.

Key Components

• **Three core rulesPrivacy Rule (uses/disclosures), Security Rule (safeguards), Breach Notification Rule.
• Over 100 requirements across administrative, physical, technical safeguards.
• Built on minimum necessary principle, individual rights, business associate agreements.
• Compliance via self-attestation, OCR audits, no formal certification.

Why Organizations Use It

• Mandatory for covered entities (providers, plans, clearinghouses) and business associates.
• Mitigates breach risks, penalties up to $2M annually.
• Enhances patient trust, operational efficiency, vendor management.
• Enables secure data flows for care, payment, operations.

Implementation Overview

• Phased: assess risks, build controls, operate/monitor.
• Involves risk analysis, policies, training, BAAs, audits.
• Applies to US healthcare entities handling PHI; ongoing program.