What It Is

K-PIPA, or Personal Information Protection Act, is South Korea's comprehensive data protection regulation enacted in 2011 with major amendments in 2020, 2023, and 2024. It governs collection, use, storage, transfer, and destruction of personal information of Korean residents, including sensitive data like health and biometrics. Scope covers all data handlers—domestic and foreign—with extraterritorial application. Adopts consent-centric, risk-based approach emphasizing transparency and accountability.

Key Components

• Core principles: consent, purpose limitation, data minimization, security.
• Mandatory CPO appointment, granular consents, 10-day data subject rights (access, erasure, portability).
• **Security measuresencryption, access controls per 2024 Guidelines; 72-hour breach notifications.
• No fixed controls count; enforced by PIPC with revenue-based fines up to 3%.

Why Organizations Use It

Legal compliance avoids fines (e.g., Google's KRW 70B); builds trust in privacy-sensitive market. Enables secure cross-border transfers via certifications; supports AI/data innovation with pseudonymization. Enhances reputation, stakeholder confidence amid strict enforcement.

Implementation Overview

Phased: gap analysis, CPO setup, policy development, technical controls, training, audits. Applies to all data processors globally targeting Koreans; no certification but PIPC oversight. Involves data mapping, vendor contracts, breach playbooks—typically 12-18 months for mid-size firms.

What It Is

NIST SP 800-171 (Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations) is a U.S. government cybersecurity framework providing security requirements for safeguarding CUI confidentiality. It targets nonfederal systems via a control-based approach tailored from NIST SP 800-53 Moderate baseline, emphasizing scoping to CUI-processing components.

Key Components

• 17 families in Rev 3 (e.g., Access Control, Audit, Supply Chain Risk Management) with ~97-110 requirements.
• Core artifacts: System Security Plan (SSP) and Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M).
• Built on FIPS 200; companion SP 800-171A for assessments (examine/interview/test).
• Compliance via self-assessment or third-party (e.g., CMMC Level 2).

Why Organizations Use It

• Contractual mandates (e.g., DFARS 252.204-7012 for DoD).
• Reduces breach risk, ensures procurement eligibility.
• Builds stakeholder trust, competitive edge in federal supply chains.

Implementation Overview

• Phased: scoping, gap analysis, controls, evidence collection.
• Applies to contractors handling CUI; all sizes, U.S.-focused.
• Audits via SPRS scoring; ongoing monitoring essential. (178 words)