NIS2
EU directive for cybersecurity resilience in critical sectors
FISMA
U.S. law for risk-based federal cybersecurity management
Quick Verdict
NIS2 mandates cybersecurity for EU critical sectors with strict reporting and fines, while FISMA requires risk-based programs for US federal systems via NIST RMF. EU firms adopt NIS2 for compliance; US agencies/contractors use FISMA for resilience and contracts.
NIS2
Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (NIS2)
Key Features
- Expands scope via size-cap rule to medium/large entities
- Mandates strict multi-stage incident reporting timelines
- Imposes direct accountability on senior management
- Levies fines up to 2% of global annual turnover
- Requires continuous risk management and supply chain security
FISMA
Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014
Key Features
- NIST RMF 7-step risk management lifecycle
- Continuous monitoring and diagnostics requirements
- FIPS 199 system impact categorization
- SP 800-53 security and privacy controls
- Annual IG evaluations and OMB reporting
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
NIS2 Details
What It Is
NIS2 Directive (EU) 2022/2555 is an EU regulation expanding the original NIS Directive. It establishes a high common level of cybersecurity for critical infrastructure and digital services across member states. Primary scope covers essential and important entities in sectors like energy, transport, health, and digital providers. It employs a risk-based approach with continuous assurance over static compliance.
Key Components
- Four pillars: risk management, incident reporting, business continuity, corporate accountability.
- Strict timelines: 24-hour early warnings, 72-hour notifications, one-month final reports.
- Built on standards like ISO 27001, NIST CSF; no fixed control count but mandates supply chain security, access controls, encryption.
- Compliance via national transposition, spot checks, no formal certification but enforcement by CSIRTs.
Why Organizations Use It
Legal mandate for covered entities avoids fines up to 2% global turnover. Enhances resilience against threats, builds stakeholder trust, ensures operational continuity. Provides competitive edge through proactive cybersecurity in interconnected sectors.
Implementation Overview
Enterprise-wide transformation: conduct risk assessments, implement measures, train staff, secure supply chains. Applies to medium/large entities in EU-covered sectors; varies by member state post-October 2024 transposition. Ongoing audits and reporting required.
FISMA Details
What It Is
Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) of 2014 is a U.S. federal law establishing a mandatory, risk-based framework for protecting federal information and systems. It modernized the 2002 act, emphasizing continuous monitoring, incident reporting, and NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF) for agencies and contractors.
Key Components
- NIST RMF 7-step process: Prepare, Categorize, Select, Implement, Assess, Authorize, Monitor.
- NIST SP 800-53 controls (over 1,000 in 20 families), tailored by FIPS 199 impact levels.
- Continuous diagnostics, POA&Ms, SSPs, annual IG assessments, and metrics aligned to NIST CSF.
- Compliance via ATOs, no formal certification but mandatory reporting.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandated for federal entities and contractors handling federal data; reduces breach risks, enables market access (e.g., FedRAMP), builds resilience, and supports strategic risk decisions amid oversight from OMB, CISA, IGs.
Implementation Overview
Phased RMF approach: governance setup, inventory/categorization, control deployment, assessments, ongoing monitoring. Applies to federal agencies, contractors (including cloud); suits all sizes via tailoring; requires independent audits, continuous evidence collection. (178 words)
Key Differences
| Aspect | NIS2 | FISMA |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Critical infrastructure, digital services across EU sectors | Federal info systems, agencies, contractors in US |
| Industry | Essential/important entities in EU (energy, transport, etc.) | US federal agencies, contractors, DIB |
| Nature | Mandatory EU directive, national transposition | Mandatory US federal law, NIST RMF framework |
| Testing | Incident reporting, spot checks by authorities | Continuous monitoring, IG annual assessments |
| Penalties | Up to 2% global turnover or €10M fines | Contract loss, debarment, no direct fines |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about NIS2 and FISMA
NIS2 FAQ
FISMA FAQ
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