PDPA
Singapore regulation for personal data protection
REACH
EU regulation for chemicals registration, evaluation, authorisation, restriction
Quick Verdict
PDPA governs personal data protection across Asian jurisdictions with consent and breach rules, while REACH mandates chemical registration and risk assessment in the EU. Companies adopt PDPA for privacy compliance, REACH for market access and substance safety.
PDPA
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
Key Features
- Mandatory Data Protection Officer appointment
- Deemed consent mechanisms for business purposes
- 72-hour data breach notification regime
- Do Not Call Registry compliance
- Transfer limitation with safeguards
REACH
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)
Key Features
- Shifts burden to industry for chemical risk management
- Registration required for substances over 1 tonne/year
- SVHC management via Candidate List and Annex XIV
- Annex XVII restrictions on unacceptable risks
- Supply-chain SDS and exposure scenario communication
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
PDPA Details
What It Is
Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA) is Singapore's principal regulation governing collection, use, disclosure, and protection of personal data by organizations. It adopts a principles-based approach balancing individual privacy rights with legitimate business needs, covering private sector entities with phased enforcement since 2014 and key amendments in 2020-2021.
Key Components
- Nine core obligations: consent, notification, access/correction, accuracy, protection, retention limitation, transfer limitation, accountability, breach reporting.
- Mandatory Data Protection Officer (DPO) appointment.
- Do Not Call (DNC) provisions for marketing.
- No formal certification; compliance via self-assessed Data Protection Management Programme (DPMP) and PDPC guidance.
Why Organizations Use It
- Legal compliance to avoid fines up to SGD 1 million or 10% annual turnover.
- Risk mitigation for breaches and enforcement.
- Builds customer trust, enables data-driven innovation, supports cross-border operations.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: governance, data mapping, policies, controls, training, audits.
- Applies to all organizations handling Singapore personal data; scalable by size/risk.
- No certification but PDPC audits/enforcement; uses tools like DPIAs, inventories.
REACH Details
What It Is
REACH (Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006) is a directly applicable EU regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. It shifts responsibility to industry for identifying and managing chemical risks to human health and the environment. Scope covers substances, mixtures, and certain articles across the supply chain, using a risk-based approach with tonnage-triggered data requirements.
Key Components
- Four pillars: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, Restriction.
- Detailed annexes (e.g., Annex XIV for SVHC authorisation, Annex XVII for restrictions).
- Core elements: dossiers (IUCLID), Chemical Safety Reports (CSR), Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
- No formal certification; compliance via ECHA submissions and national enforcement.
Why Organizations Use It
- Legal obligation for EU market access (mandatory for >1 tonne/year importers/manufacturers).
- Mitigates fines, market bans, recalls; enhances supply-chain resilience.
- Drives substitution, innovation; builds stakeholder trust via transparency.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: gap analysis, inventory, dossiers, monitoring.
- Cross-functional (procurement, R&D, EHS); tools like IUCLID/REACH-IT.
- Applies to chemical/product firms EU-wide; ongoing audits, no central certification.
Key Differences
| Aspect | PDPA | REACH |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Personal data protection, processing, rights | Chemical substances registration, risks, restrictions |
| Industry | All sectors in Singapore/Thailand/Taiwan | Chemicals, manufacturing, EU-wide importers |
| Nature | Mandatory national privacy regulations | Mandatory EU chemicals regulation |
| Testing | Breach simulations, security audits | Hazard testing, dossier evaluations, CSAs |
| Penalties | Fines up to SGD 1M, THB 5M | Fines up to €10M, market bans |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about PDPA and REACH
PDPA FAQ
REACH FAQ
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