PIPL
China's comprehensive law for personal information protection
ISA 95
International standard for enterprise-control system integration.
Quick Verdict
PIPL mandates data protection for Chinese personal information with strict consent and fines up to 5% revenue, while ISA 95 is a voluntary framework for manufacturing IT/OT integration. Companies adopt PIPL for legal compliance in China; ISA 95 for efficient system interoperability.
PIPL
Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
Key Features
- 1. Extraterritorial scope for foreign services to Chinese individuals
- 2. Explicit separate consent for sensitive personal information
- 3. Cross-border transfers requiring SCCs or security assessments
- 4. Fines up to 5% of annual global revenue
- 5. Minors under 14 data treated as sensitive
ISA 95
ANSI/ISA-95 Enterprise-Control System Integration
Key Features
- Purdue levels 0-4 hierarchical model
- Manufacturing operations activity models
- Object models for equipment and materials
- Standardized Level 3-4 transactions
- Alias services for identifier mapping
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
PIPL Details
What It Is
PIPL (Personal Information Protection Law), enacted August 2021 and effective November 2021, is China's first comprehensive national regulation on personal information processing. It governs collection, use, storage, transfer, and deletion of personal information (PI) of natural persons in China, with extraterritorial reach. Modeled partly on GDPR, it uses a risk-based approach focused on consent, minimization, and national security.
Key Components
- Eight chapters, 74 articles covering processing rules, cross-border transfers, individual rights.
- Core principles: lawfulness, necessity, minimization, transparency, accountability.
- Seven legal bases (consent primary, no legitimate interests); strict sensitive PI rules.
- Cross-border mechanisms: SCCs, certification, CAC security reviews; compliance audits for large handlers.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandatory for handlers of Chinese PI; fines up to RMB 50M or 5% revenue. Enables market access, builds consumer trust, reduces breach risks, supports global operations.
Implementation Overview
Phased framework: gap analysis, data mapping, policies, controls, monitoring (6-12 months). Applies to all sizes, industries touching China; MNCs need local representatives. Ongoing governance, no central certification.
ISA 95 Details
What It Is
ISA-95 (ANSI/ISA-95, IEC 62264) is an international framework standard for integrating enterprise business systems with manufacturing operations and control systems. Its primary purpose is to define models, terminology, and interfaces, especially between Level 3 (MES/MOM) and Level 4 (ERP/logistics) in the Purdue hierarchy. It uses hierarchical levels (0-4), activity models, and object models for technology-agnostic semantic alignment.
Key Components
- Eight parts: models/terminology (Part 1), objects/attributes (Parts 2/4), activities (Part 3), transactions (Part 5), messaging/aliasing/profiles (Parts 6-8).
- Core principles: Purdue levels, equipment hierarchy, consistent information exchanges.
- No formal product certification; compliance via architectural alignment and training certificates.
Why Organizations Use It
- Reduces integration risks, costs, errors; enables data consistency for OEE, traceability.
- Supports IT/OT collaboration, regulatory audits, Industry 4.0 scalability.
- Builds stakeholder trust through shared vocabulary and governance.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: assessment, modeling, pilot, rollout, governance.
- Applies to manufacturing industries; mid-large organizations.
- Focuses on canonical models, no mandatory audits.
Key Differences
| Aspect | PIPL | ISA 95 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Personal data protection, processing, transfers | Enterprise-manufacturing system integration models |
| Industry | All sectors handling Chinese personal data | Manufacturing, discrete/continuous/process industries |
| Nature | Mandatory national law with CAC enforcement | Voluntary international technical standard |
| Testing | DPIAs, compliance audits for high-risk processing | No formal testing; self-assessed model alignment |
| Penalties | Fines to 5% revenue or RMB 50M | No penalties; integration risks/costs |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about PIPL and ISA 95
PIPL FAQ
ISA 95 FAQ
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