Standards Comparison

    RoHS

    Mandatory
    2011

    EU regulation restricting hazardous substances in EEE

    VS

    FISMA

    Mandatory
    2014

    U.S. federal law for risk-based information security management

    Quick Verdict

    RoHS restricts hazardous substances in electronics for EU market access, while FISMA mandates cybersecurity for US federal systems. Companies adopt RoHS for global sales compliance; FISMA for government contracts and resilience.

    Hazardous Substances

    RoHS

    Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2)

    Cost
    €€€€
    Complexity
    High
    Implementation Time
    6-12 months

    Key Features

    • Restricts 10 hazardous substances in homogeneous materials
    • Open scope applies to all EEE unless excluded
    • 0.1% concentration thresholds per material (0.01% cadmium)
    • Time-limited exemptions reviewed via delegated acts
    • Requires technical documentation and Declaration of Conformity
    Cybersecurity

    FISMA

    Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014

    Cost
    €€€€
    Complexity
    Medium
    Implementation Time
    18-24 months

    Key Features

    • NIST RMF 7-step risk management process
    • Continuous monitoring and diagnostics requirements
    • FIPS 199 system impact categorization
    • Mandatory incident reporting to OMB/Congress
    • Applies to federal agencies and contractors

    Detailed Analysis

    A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.

    RoHS Details

    What It Is

    Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) is an EU regulation restricting hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). It aims to protect health and environment by limiting risks in waste management, complementing WEEE Directive. Scope covers all EEE unless excluded, using homogeneous material thresholds: 0.1% (1000 ppm) for most substances, 0.01% for cadmium.

    Key Components

    • **10 restricted substancesPb, Hg, Cd, Cr(VI), PBB, PBDE, DEHP, BBP, DBP, DIBP.
    • **Annexes III/IV exemptionstime-limited for specific uses.
    • **Conformity assessmenttechnical documentation, EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC), CE marking.
    • Built on risk-based evidence via IEC 63000 and testing (IEC 62321).

    Why Organizations Use It

    Mandated for EU market access; prevents fines, recalls. Drives supply chain governance, substitution innovation, recyclability. Enhances ESG reputation, level playing field.

    Implementation Overview

    Phased: scope analysis, BoM review, supplier declarations, tiered testing (XRF/ICP-MS), technical files. Applies to manufacturers/importers globally selling EEE; 6-18 months typical, no central certification but market surveillance audits.

    FISMA Details

    What It Is

    Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) is a U.S. federal law mandating comprehensive, risk-based information security programs for federal agencies and contractors. Enacted in 2014, it establishes a framework to protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of federal information systems using NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF).

    Key Components

    • 7-step RMF: Prepare, Categorize, Select, Implement, Assess, Authorize, Monitor.
    • NIST SP 800-53 controls (over 1,000, tailored by baselines); FIPS 199 categorization.
    • Continuous monitoring, SSPs, POA&Ms; oversight by OMB, CISA, IGs.
    • Annual metrics-based reporting and maturity assessments.

    Why Organizations Use It

    • Mandatory for federal entities/contractors handling federal data.
    • Reduces breach risks, enables contracts, builds resilience.
    • Enhances market access, operational efficiency, executive risk decisions.

    Implementation Overview

    Phased RMF lifecycle with governance, inventory, controls, assessments. Applies to agencies, contractors (incl. cloud via FedRAMP); complex for large orgs. Requires IG audits, no central certification.

    Key Differences

    Scope

    RoHS
    Hazardous substances in EEE materials
    FISMA
    Federal information systems security

    Industry

    RoHS
    Electronics manufacturing, global
    FISMA
    US federal agencies/contractors

    Nature

    RoHS
    EU product restriction directive
    FISMA
    US federal cybersecurity law

    Testing

    RoHS
    XRF/ICP-MS on homogeneous materials
    FISMA
    NIST RMF continuous assessments

    Penalties

    RoHS
    Decentralized fines/recalls by states
    FISMA
    Contract loss/IG ratings/funding cuts

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Common questions about RoHS and FISMA

    RoHS FAQ

    FISMA FAQ

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