SOX
U.S. law mandating ICFR assessments and executive certifications
23 NYCRR 500
New York regulation for financial services cybersecurity.
Quick Verdict
SOX mandates financial reporting controls for public companies via ICFR audits and certifications, ensuring disclosure accuracy. 23 NYCRR 500 requires cybersecurity programs for NY financial entities, focusing on MFA, encryption, and incident response. Firms adopt SOX for investor trust, NYCRR for regulatory compliance.
SOX
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Key Features
- Mandates CEO/CFO certification of financial accuracy (Section 302)
- Requires ICFR management assessment and auditor attestation (Section 404)
- Establishes PCAOB for independent audit oversight (Title I)
- Enforces auditor independence via non-audit service bans (Title II)
- Imposes criminal penalties for false certifications (Section 906)
23 NYCRR 500
23 NYCRR Part 500 Cybersecurity Regulation
Key Features
- Annual CISO/CEO dual-signature compliance certification
- 72-hour notification for material cybersecurity incidents
- Risk-based cybersecurity program and assessments
- Third-party service provider security policy and oversight
- Phishing-resistant MFA for privileged and remote access
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
SOX Details
What It Is
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) is a U.S. federal statute establishing corporate accountability standards post-Enron scandals. It mandates improved accuracy of financial disclosures via internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR). SOX uses a risk-based, top-down approach aligned with COSO framework.
Key Components
- **11 TitlesPCAOB oversight (Title I), auditor independence (Title II), certifications (302/906), ICFR reporting (404), whistleblower protections (806).
- Pillars: executive accountability, audit reforms, enhanced disclosures.
- Annual assessments; auditor attestation for most filers.
Why Organizations Use It
- Mandatory for U.S. public companies; protects investors, deters fraud.
- Builds trust, lowers capital costs, aids M&A/IPO readiness.
- Drives governance maturity, operational efficiency.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: scoping, documentation, testing, remediation using risk matrices.
- Targets public issuers; scales by filer status (e.g., EGC exemptions).
- Requires external PCAOB-audited attestation for accelerated filers.
23 NYCRR 500 Details
What It Is
23 NYCRR Part 500 is the New York Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) Cybersecurity Regulation, a state-level mandate for financial entities. It establishes minimum risk-based cybersecurity requirements to protect nonpublic information (NPI) and information systems, applying to Covered Entities like banks, insurers, and licensees operating in New York.
Key Components
- Structured around 14 core requirements including cybersecurity program, policy, CISO governance, MFA, encryption, asset management, TPSP oversight, penetration testing, and 72-hour incident reporting.
- Emphasizes governance with annual CISO/CEO dual certification and five-year record retention.
- Built on risk assessments per NIST CSF or CRI Profile; Class A companies face enhanced controls like independent audits.
Why Organizations Use It
- Mandatory for NY-licensed financial services to avoid multimillion-dollar fines (e.g., Robinhood $30M).
- Enhances resilience against incidents, improves vendor management, and builds stakeholder trust.
- Provides competitive edge through robust TPRM and evidence-based compliance.
Implementation Overview
- Phased roadmap: gap analysis, risk assessment, control deployment (MFA, PAM), testing, evidence repository.
- Targets NY financial firms; small entities may qualify for limited exemptions.
- No external certification but NYDFS examinations and annual April 15 filing required. (178 words)
Key Differences
| Aspect | SOX | 23 NYCRR 500 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Financial reporting, ICFR, governance | Cybersecurity, information systems, NPI protection |
| Industry | Public companies, all sectors, US/global | NY financial services licensees, state-specific |
| Nature | Federal statute, SEC/PCAOB enforced | State regulation, NYDFS supervised, mandatory |
| Testing | Annual ICFR audits, control testing | Annual pen testing, vulnerability scans |
| Penalties | Criminal fines, imprisonment, SEC actions | Civil penalties, consent orders, license risks |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about SOX and 23 NYCRR 500
SOX FAQ
23 NYCRR 500 FAQ
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