Australian Privacy Act
Australia's federal privacy law with 13 principles
FedRAMP
U.S. program standardizing federal cloud security authorization
Quick Verdict
Australian Privacy Act mandates privacy principles for Australian entities handling personal data, enforced by OAIC with heavy fines. FedRAMP authorizes secure US federal cloud services via NIST controls and 3PAO audits. Companies adopt Privacy Act for compliance, FedRAMP for government contracts.
Australian Privacy Act
Privacy Act 1988 (Cth)
Key Features
- 13 Australian Privacy Principles governing data lifecycle
- Mandatory Notifiable Data Breaches scheme since 2018
- Risk-based reasonable steps for information security
- Accountability model for cross-border disclosures
- $3M turnover threshold with targeted exceptions
FedRAMP
Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program
Key Features
- "Assess once, use many times" reusability model
- NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 control baselines
- Independent 3PAO security assessments required
- Continuous monitoring with monthly deliverables
- FedRAMP Marketplace listing for visibility
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
Australian Privacy Act Details
What It Is
Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) is Australia's principal federal regulation for personal information handling. It establishes a principles-based framework via the 13 Australian Privacy Principles (APPs), covering collection, use, disclosure, security, and individual rights across government agencies and private sector organizations. Scope includes personal and sensitive information with a risk-based "reasonable steps" approach.
Key Components
- 13 APPs as core pillars: transparency (APP 1), collection (APPs 3-5), use/disclosure (APPs 6-8), integrity/security (APPs 10-11), rights (APPs 12-13).
- Notifiable Data Breaches (NDB) scheme in Part IIIC.
- OAIC oversight with civil penalties up to AUD 50M.
- No formal certification; compliance via assessments and enforcement.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandated for entities over $3M turnover plus exceptions; mitigates breach risks, penalties, reputational harm. Enhances trust, enables secure data flows, supports cyber risk management.
Implementation Overview
Phased: gap analysis, policies, controls, training, audits. Applies economy-wide; high-risk for health/finance. OAIC guidance drives ongoing assessments, no certification required.
FedRAMP Details
What It Is
FedRAMP (Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program) is a U.S. government-wide framework standardizing security assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring for cloud service offerings (CSOs) used by federal agencies. Its core purpose is "assess once, use many times," reducing duplication via risk-based NIST SP 800-53 controls and FIPS 199 impact levels (Low, Moderate, High).
Key Components
- Baselines: Low (~150-156 controls), Moderate (~320-323), High (~400-410), LI-SaaS (~70+ tailored)
- Artifacts: SSP, SAR, POA&M, continuous monitoring plans
- Built on NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5
- 3PAO assessments, agency/program authorizations
Why Organizations Use It
- Unlocks $20M+ federal contracts, CMMC compliance
- Demonstrates mature security for commercial clients
- Mitigates risks, builds stakeholder trust
- Competitive differentiator in cloud market
Implementation Overview
- 4 phases: Sponsor, Preparation, Assessment, Continuous Monitoring
- Involves control implementation, documentation, 3PAO audits
- Targets cloud providers for U.S. federal business
- Ongoing compliance, no one-time certification (178 words)
Key Differences
| Aspect | Australian Privacy Act | FedRAMP |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Personal information handling lifecycle | Cloud service security assessment/monitoring |
| Industry | Australian orgs >$3M turnover, health, credit | US federal cloud service providers |
| Nature | Mandatory principles-based regulation | Standardized authorization program |
| Testing | OAIC audits/investigations as needed | 3PAO independent assessments annually |
| Penalties | Up to AUD 50M or 30% turnover fines | Revocation of authorization, no direct fines |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Australian Privacy Act and FedRAMP
Australian Privacy Act FAQ
FedRAMP FAQ
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