EPA
U.S. regulatory framework for air, water, waste protection
ISO 28000
International standard for supply chain security management systems.
Quick Verdict
EPA enforces mandatory U.S. environmental standards for pollution control across industries, while ISO 28000 is a voluntary global framework for supply chain security management. Companies adopt EPA for legal compliance; ISO 28000 for resilience and certification.
EPA
EPA Standards (40 CFR Environmental Regulations)
Key Features
- Legally binding regulations codified in 40 CFR Title 40
- Facility-specific permits from national baseline standards
- Evidence-driven compliance via monitoring and reporting
- Hybrid technology-based and health-based controls
- Federal-state enforcement with predictable penalties
ISO 28000
ISO 28000:2022 Security management systems — Requirements
Key Features
- Risk-based supply chain threat assessment and treatment
- PDCA cycle for continual security improvement
- Supplier and third-party security governance
- Integration with ISO HLS standards like 27001, 22301
- Scalable certification for resilience assurance
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
EPA Details
What It Is
EPA standards comprise a family of enforceable regulations implementing statutes like Clean Air Act (CAA), Clean Water Act (CWA), and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Codified in 40 CFR Title 40, this regulatory framework protects human health and environment across air, water, waste media. It employs a risk-based approach blending health-protective ambient criteria with technology-feasible performance standards, operationalized through permitting and data verification.
Key Components
- Numeric limits, thresholds, performance criteria (e.g., NAAQS, effluent guidelines)
- Permitting mechanisms (NPDES, Title V, RCRA TSDF)
- Monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting (DMRs, QA/QC)
- Enforcement pathways (civil penalties, SEPs) Built on statutory-regulations-permits hierarchy; no central certification but inspection/audit compliance.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandatory for regulated entities to avert multimillion penalties, shutdowns, liabilities. Drives defensible compliance, operational efficiency, ESG value. Mitigates enforcement risk, builds regulator/stakeholder trust via ECHO transparency.
Implementation Overview
Phased: governance, gap analysis, controls/SOPs, training, digital tools (NetDMR), audits. Targets industrial sectors U.S.-wide; state variations apply. Ongoing adaptation to rulemakings via Regulations.gov.
ISO 28000 Details
What It Is
ISO 28000:2022 is an international management system standard specifying requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving a security management system (SMS) focused on supply chain security and resilience. It uses a risk-based, PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach, not prescriptive controls, applicable across supply chains.
Key Components
- Clauses 4-10 cover context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, improvement.
- Emphasizes risk assessment, security policy, operational controls, supplier governance.
- Built on ISO High Level Structure (HLS) for integration with ISO 9001, 22301, 27001.
- Optional third-party certification via accredited bodies per ISO 28003.
Why Organizations Use It
- Mitigates theft, sabotage, disruptions; reduces insurance costs, enables trade facilitation.
- Meets contractual/regulatory expectations (e.g., C-TPAT equivalents).
- Builds resilience, stakeholder trust, competitive edge in logistics, manufacturing.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: scoping, gap analysis, risk assessment, controls deployment, audits.
- Scalable for SMEs to multinationals; industries like logistics, pharma.
- Involves supply chain mapping, training, internal audits, management reviews.
Key Differences
| Aspect | EPA | ISO 28000 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Environmental pollution control (air, water, waste) | Supply chain security management system |
| Industry | All industrial sectors (manufacturing, energy) | Logistics, manufacturing, any supply chain |
| Nature | Mandatory U.S. federal regulations | Voluntary international certification standard |
| Testing | Monitoring, sampling, DMR reporting | Internal audits, management reviews |
| Penalties | Civil/criminal fines, enforcement actions | Loss of certification, no legal penalties |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about EPA and ISO 28000
EPA FAQ
ISO 28000 FAQ
You Might also be Interested in These Articles...
The Regulatory Radar: How Data-Driven Compliance Tools Provide Strategic Foresight
Unlock strategic foresight with data-driven compliance tools. Act as your regulatory radar: real-time monitoring, automated insights, and 3x cost cuts. Anticipa
The Tool Landscape for Reaching and Maintaining ISO 27001 Compliance
Discover top ISO 27001 compliance tools, their pros/cons, implementation steps, costs, and benefits. Streamline your path to certification and ongoing complianc
Your Compliance Command Center: How Modern Tools Orchestrate Cross-Departmental Adherence
Unlock your compliance command center with modern tools for real-time monitoring, automation & integrations across IT, HR, Legal & Finance. Slash non-compliance
Run Maturity Assessments with GRADUM
Transform your compliance journey with our AI-powered assessment platform
Assess your organization's maturity across multiple standards and regulations including ISO 27001, DORA, NIS2, NIST, GDPR, and hundreds more. Get actionable insights and track your progress with collaborative, AI-powered evaluations.
Check out these other Gradum.io Standards Comparison Pages
APPI vs PRINCE2
APPI vs PRINCE2: Compare Japan's data privacy law with structured project management. Master compliance frameworks, phased strategies & pitfalls for success now.
CSL (Cyber Security Law of China) vs GLBA
Discover CSL vs GLBA: China's data localization & security vs US privacy safeguards. Expert guide to compliance risks, strategies & implementation. Secure global ops now!
CSL (Cyber Security Law of China) vs WELL
CSL vs WELL: China's Cybersecurity Law vs WELL Building Standard. Compare compliance strategies, risks, data localization & health optimizations for global business success.