FISMA
U.S. law for risk-based federal cybersecurity programs
IEC 62443
International standard for IACS cybersecurity.
Quick Verdict
FISMA mandates risk-based security for US federal systems via NIST RMF, ensuring compliance and oversight. IEC 62443 provides voluntary standards for industrial control systems, focusing on zones, security levels, and supplier assurance. Organizations adopt FISMA for legal obligations, IEC 62443 for OT resilience.
FISMA
Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014
Key Features
- Mandates NIST 7-step Risk Management Framework
- Requires continuous monitoring and diagnostics
- Enforces FIPS 199 risk-based system categorization
- Applies to agencies, contractors, and supply chains
- Demands annual independent IG assessments
IEC 62443
IEC 62443: IACS Security Standards Series
Key Features
- Zones and conduits segmentation model
- Security Levels SL-T, SL-C, SL-A triad
- Shared responsibility across stakeholders
- Seven Foundational Requirements FR1-7
- ISASecure modular certifications
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
FISMA Details
What It Is
The Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) of 2014 is a U.S. federal law establishing a mandatory, risk-based framework for protecting federal information and systems. It modernizes the 2002 act, emphasizing continuous monitoring over static compliance, and applies to executive branch agencies and contractors handling federal data.
Key Components
- **NIST RMF7-step process (Prepare, Categorize, Select, Implement, Assess, Authorize, Monitor).
- **NIST SP 800-53 controlsTailored baselines for low/moderate/high-impact systems per FIPS 199.
- Oversight by OMB, DHS/CISA, IGs with annual metrics and maturity models.
- No formal certification; compliance via ATOs, POA&Ms, and reporting.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandated for federal entities; enables contract eligibility, reduces breach risks, builds stakeholder trust. Provides resilience, efficiency, and market access.
Implementation Overview
Phased RMF lifecycle with governance, inventory, controls, assessments. Suited for agencies/contractors; requires automation, training. Involves IG audits, continuous monitoring. (178 words)
IEC 62443 Details
What It Is
IEC 62443 is the international consensus-based series of standards (also ISA/IEC 62443) for cybersecurity of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). It provides a comprehensive, risk-based framework spanning governance, risk assessment, system architecture, and secure product development, tailored to OT environments with unique constraints like availability and long lifecycles.
Key Components
- Four groupings: General (-1), Policies/Procedures (-2), System (-3), Components (-4).
- Seven Foundational Requirements (FR1-7) like authentication, integrity, and availability.
- Zones/conduits model and **Security Levels (SL 0-4)SL-T (target), SL-C (capability), SL-A (achieved).
- ~140+ component requirements; maturity levels (ML1-4); ISASecure certifications (SDLA, CSA, SSA).
Why Organizations Use It
- Mitigates OT cyber risks impacting safety/production.
- Meets regulatory references (e.g., NIS-2, NERC CIP alignments).
- Enables supplier assurance, procurement specs, insurance benefits.
- Builds stakeholder trust via certified compliance.
Implementation Overview
Phased: governance (2-1), risk/segmentation (3-2), controls (3-3/4-2), certification. Applies to asset owners, integrators, suppliers across industries/utilities. Requires audits, training; multi-year for maturity.
Key Differences
| Aspect | FISMA | IEC 62443 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Federal info systems security programs | Industrial automation/control systems cybersecurity |
| Industry | US federal agencies/contractors | Global industrial sectors (energy/manufacturing) |
| Nature | Mandatory US federal law | Voluntary international standards series |
| Testing | Annual IG assessments, continuous monitoring | ISASecure certification, maturity audits |
| Penalties | Contract loss, debarment, funding cuts | No legal penalties, certification loss |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about FISMA and IEC 62443
FISMA FAQ
IEC 62443 FAQ
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