FISMA
U.S. federal law mandating risk-based cybersecurity programs
ISO 22000
International standard for food safety management systems
Quick Verdict
FISMA mandates risk-based cybersecurity for US federal agencies and contractors via NIST RMF, ensuring compliance and resilience. ISO 22000 provides voluntary FSMS certification for global food organizations using HACCP and PRPs to guarantee safe products.
FISMA
Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014
Key Features
- Mandates NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF)
- Requires continuous monitoring and diagnostics
- Enforces agency-wide security programs
- Demands real-time incident reporting
- Provides IG independent annual assessments
ISO 22000
ISO 22000:2018 Food safety management systems
Key Features
- High-Level Structure (HLS) for system integration
- Dual PDCA cycles for strategic/operational control
- PRP, OPRP, CCP hazard categorization
- Interactive communication across food chain
- Risk-based HACCP with validation/verification
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
FISMA Details
What It Is
Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) of 2014 is a U.S. federal law establishing a risk-based framework for protecting federal information and systems. It mandates agency-wide information security programs using NIST RMF (7-step process: Prepare, Categorize, Select, Implement, Assess, Authorize, Monitor) for confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Key Components
- NIST SP 800-53 controls (20 families, baselines per FIPS 199 impact levels)
- Continuous monitoring via SP 800-137
- System Security Plans (SSPs), POA&Ms, ATOs
- Oversight by OMB, DHS/CISA, IGs with annual metrics and maturity models
Why Organizations Use It
Federal agencies and contractors comply to avoid penalties, debarment; gain resilience, market access (e.g., FedRAMP). Builds trust, reduces breach risks, aligns with mission outcomes.
Implementation Overview
Phased RMF approach: inventory, categorize, implement controls, assess, authorize, monitor. Applies to agencies, contractors; requires audits, reporting. Scalable for large/small orgs via automation.
ISO 22000 Details
What It Is
ISO 22000:2018 is the international standard for Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS), a certifiable framework for organizations in the food chain. Its primary purpose is to ensure safe food through hazard prevention, regulatory compliance, and effective communication. It employs a risk-based approach with High-Level Structure (HLS) and integrates HACCP principles via dual PDCA cycles.
Key Components
- Clauses 4–10: context, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, improvement.
- Core elements: PRPs, hazard analysis, CCPs/OPRPs, traceability, verification, withdrawal/recall.
- Built on Codex HACCP and management system discipline.
- Voluntary certification model via accredited bodies.
Why Organizations Use It
- Meets statutory/customer requirements; reduces recalls, risks.
- Enables market access, GFSI schemes like FSSC 22000.
- Builds stakeholder trust, integrates with ISO 9001/14001.
- Enhances resilience, efficiency, reputation.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: gap analysis, PRPs/hazard plans, training, audits.
- Applies to all food chain entities, scalable by size.
- Requires internal audits, management reviews; certification audits (stages 1–2).
Key Differences
| Aspect | FISMA | ISO 22000 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Federal information systems security | Food safety management systems |
| Industry | US federal agencies, contractors | Global food chain organizations |
| Nature | Mandatory US federal law | Voluntary certification standard |
| Testing | Continuous monitoring, IG audits | Internal audits, certification audits |
| Penalties | Contract loss, debarment | Loss of certification |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about FISMA and ISO 22000
FISMA FAQ
ISO 22000 FAQ
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