What It Is

UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) is the UK's post-Brexit adaptation of EU GDPR, a binding legal regulation enforced by the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO). It governs personal data processing with a risk-based, accountability-focused approach, applying to UK-established organizations and extraterritorially to those targeting UK individuals.

Key Components

• Seven core principles: lawfulness, purpose limitation, data minimisation, accuracy, storage limitation, integrity/confidentiality, accountability.
• Individual rights (access, rectification, erasure, portability, objection).
• Controller/processor obligations, DPIAs, breach notifications, lawful bases.
• No certification; compliance via demonstrable records (RoPA), audits, ICO enforcement with fines up to 4% global turnover.

Why Organizations Use It

Mandated for compliance to avoid £17.5m or 4% turnover fines, enhances risk management, builds trust, supports cross-border operations. Provides strategic benefits like operational efficiency, vendor assurance, and privacy differentiation.

Implementation Overview

Phased: governance, data mapping (RoPA), policies/contracts, DPIAs, security, rights handling, monitoring. Applies to all sizes handling UK data; ongoing, no formal certification but ICO audits/enforcement.

What It Is

MAS Technology Risk Management (TRM) Guidelines (revised January 2021) are supervisory guidance from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) for financial institutions (FIs). They establish a principles-and-outcomes-based framework to govern technology and cyber risks, promoting proportional implementation aligned to risk profile, complexity, and CIA triad (confidentiality, integrity, availability).

Key Components

• 15 sections spanning governance, risk frameworks, secure SDLC, IT operations, resilience, access controls, cryptography, data security, cyber operations, assessments, and audit.
• Synthesised 12 core principles (e.g., board accountability, asset inventory, third-party oversight).
• Defence-in-depth approach; no fixed controls, emphasizes continuous improvement.

Why Organizations Use It

• Critical for MAS supervisory consideration and avoiding enforcement (fines, sanctions).
• Builds cyber resilience, operational stability, and customer trust.
• Enables secure digital transformation; demonstrates robust risk management.

Implementation Overview

• Phased, risk-based: governance setup, asset inventory, controls, testing, monitoring.
• Targets MAS-supervised FIs (banks, insurers); scalable by size/geography.
• No formal certification; evidenced via audits, metrics, board reporting.