What It Is

ISO 22000:2018 is the international certification standard for Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS). It provides a systematic framework for organizations in the food chain to ensure safe products through hazard prevention, regulatory compliance, and effective communication. Its risk-based approach uses two nested **PDCA cyclesorganizational for governance and operational for HACCP-aligned controls.

Key Components

• Core pillars: context analysis, leadership, planning, support, operation (PRPs, OPRPs, CCPs), evaluation, improvement.
• Integrates Codex HACCP principles with High-Level Structure (HLS) for 10 clauses.
• Emphasizes PRPs, hazard analysis, traceability, verification, and recalls.
• Certifiable via accredited bodies with staged audits.

Why Organizations Use It

• Meets customer/regulatory demands, enables market access (e.g., GFSI via FSSC 22000).
• Reduces risks of recalls, litigation, and brand damage.
• Builds trust with stakeholders through auditable assurance.
• Offers efficiency via integration with ISO 9001/14001.

Implementation Overview

• Phased: gap analysis, PRP design, hazard control plans, training, audits.
• Applies to all food chain actors, scalable by size.
• Requires 6-18 months, internal audits, management reviews for certification.

What It Is

The Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) is Australia's primary federal regulation for protecting personal information. It establishes a principles-based framework through the 13 Australian Privacy Principles (APPs), applying to government agencies and private organizations over AU$3M turnover, plus specific small businesses. Its scope covers collection, use, disclosure, security, and individual rights, with a risk-based "reasonable steps" approach.

Key Components

• **13 APPsCovering transparency (APP 1), collection (APP 3), use/disclosure (APP 6-8), security (APP 11), and access/correction (APP 12-13).
• **Notifiable Data Breaches (NDB) schemeMandatory reporting of serious harm breaches.
• **OAIC enforcementInvestigations, audits, penalties up to AU$50M. No formal certification; compliance via self-assessment and audits.

Why Organizations Use It

• Legal compliance for in-scope entities.
• Mitigates breach risks, penalties, reputational damage.
• Builds trust, enables cross-border data flows.
• Strategic risk management in cyber/digital eras.

Implementation Overview

Phased: gap analysis, policy design, controls deployment, training, audits. Applies economy-wide, scales by size/sensitivity. OAIC guidance supports; no certification but assessments required. (178 words)