What is the primary objective of **ISO 22000**?

**ISO 22000 establishes requirements for a Food Safety Management System (FSMS) to provide safe products and services.** It enables organizations to prevent, eliminate, or reduce food safety hazards to acceptable levels, demonstrate compliance with statutory, regulatory, and customer requirements, and support effective internal/external communication across the food chain. Published June 19, 2018, the standard integrates **Codex HACCP principles** with **High-Level Structure (HLS)** and dual **PDCA cycles**—one for organizational governance (Clauses 4–7, 9–10) and one for operational hazard control (Clause 8, including **PRPs**, **OPRPs**, **CCPs**, traceability, and withdrawal).

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with **ISO 22000**?

**No organization is legally required to comply with ISO 22000, as it is a voluntary international standard.** It applies professionally to any entity directly or indirectly in the food chain, including primary producers, feed/animal food producers, processors, packaging manufacturers, transporters, storage providers, retailers, and food services. Certification demonstrates FSMS assurance to customers, regulators, and markets; GFSI schemes like FSSC 22000 mandate it as foundational.

Does **ISO 22000** require an external audit or third-party certification?

**ISO 22000 requires internal audits but external third-party certification is voluntary.** Clause 9.2 mandates risk-based internal audits to verify FSMS conformity and effectiveness. Certification by accredited bodies follows ISO/IEC standards: Stage 1 (readiness), Stage 2 (implementation), annual surveillance, and recertification every three years. It provides independent assurance but is not prescribed by the standard.

How often should an assessment for **ISO 22000** be performed?

**Internal audits and management reviews for ISO 22000 must be performed at planned intervals, risk-based for high-risk processes.** Clause 9.2 requires internal audits covering all FSMS elements, with frequency proportionate to risks (e.g., more often for CCPs/OPRPs). Clause 9.3 mandates management reviews at planned intervals, typically quarterly or semi-annually, using performance data. Surveillance audits occur annually post-certification; recertification every three years.

What are the consequences of non-compliance with **ISO 22000**?

**Non-compliance with ISO 22000 results in internal corrective actions, potential certification suspension, and business risks like recalls or market exclusion.** Clause 10 requires addressing nonconformities via root-cause analysis and preventive measures. Certification bodies issue major/minor nonconformities; unresolved majors lead to non-certification or withdrawal. Operationally, failures risk food safety incidents, regulatory penalties under local laws, customer loss, and reputational damage—no direct ISO fines exist.

Can **ISO 22000** be mapped to other international frameworks?

**Yes, ISO 22000:2018 follows the High-Level Structure (HLS), enabling seamless mapping to other ISO management system standards.** Clauses 4–10 align with ISO 9001 (quality), ISO 14001 (environment), and ISO 45001 (occupational health), supporting integrated systems and combined audits. It forms the foundation for GFSI schemes like FSSC 22000, which adds PRP specifications (ISO/TS 22002 series).

What is the first step to begin implementing **ISO 22000**?

**The first step is determining the FSMS scope and organizational context per Clause 4.** Identify internal/external issues, interested parties' requirements, and boundaries (products, sites, processes, outsourced activities). Form a cross-functional food safety team, conduct gap analysis against Clauses 4–10, and secure leadership commitment for policy and resources.

What is the primary objective of **ISO 27017**?

**ISO 27017 provides cloud-specific implementation guidance for 37 ISO 27002 controls plus 7 additional cloud-focused controls (CLD series) to secure cloud services within an ISO 27001 ISMS.** Published in 2015, it addresses shared responsibilities between cloud service providers (CSPs) and customers (CSCs), multi-tenancy segregation (**CLD.9.5.1**), virtual machine hardening (**CLD.9.5.2**), asset removal/return, administrative operations (**CLD.12.1.5**), customer monitoring (**CLD.12.4.5**), and network alignment (**CLD.13.1.4**).

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with **ISO 27017**?

**No organization is legally required to comply with ISO 27017, as it is a voluntary code of practice, not a regulation.** Professionally, it applies to CSPs operating multi-tenant environments and CSCs with significant cloud footprints (e.g., IaaS/PaaS/SaaS users) seeking to demonstrate due diligence in ISO 27001 audits, procurement RFPs, or risk management for cloud-specific threats like data remanence and isolation failures.

Does **ISO 27017** require an external audit or third-party certification?

**ISO 27017 does not support standalone third-party certification or require external audits independent of ISO 27001.** Its controls are assessed as an extension within an ISO 27001 ISMS audit by accredited certification bodies, with many issuing certificates referencing ISO 27017 conformity alongside ISO 27001 scope inclusion in the Statement of Applicability.

How often should an assessment for **ISO 27017** be performed?

**ISO 27017 assessments occur as part of ISO 27001 surveillance audits, typically annually, with full re-certification every three years.** Organizations must continuously monitor cloud controls via risk reviews, internal audits, and changes in services, aligning with ISO 27001 clause 9 performance evaluation requirements.

What are the consequences of non-compliance with **ISO 27017**?

**Non-compliance with ISO 27017 carries no direct legal penalties, as it is non-mandatory guidance.** Indirect consequences include failed ISO 27001 audits, lost procurement opportunities, heightened cloud breach risks (e.g., misconfigurations in 61% of reported incidents), regulatory scrutiny under data laws, and competitive disadvantage for CSPs lacking cloud-specific assurance.

Can **ISO 27017** be mapped to other international frameworks?

**Yes, ISO 27017 controls map directly to frameworks like NIST SP 800-53, CSA STAR, SOC 2, and PCI-DSS via shared cloud themes such as shared responsibility and segregation.** 70% of CSPs map its 37+7 controls to NIST for cross-compliance, enabling unified evidence in multi-framework environments without independent ISO 27017 certification.

What is the first step to begin implementing **ISO 27017**?

**Conduct a cloud-specific risk assessment within your ISO 27001 ISMS to identify applicable controls from the 37 extended ISO 27002 guidance and 7 CLD controls.** Update the Statement of Applicability with shared responsibility matrices (e.g., **CLD.6.3.1**) distinguishing CSP/CSC duties, scoping cloud services (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS), and prioritizing multi-tenancy risks.

ISO 22000 vs ISO 27017

Standards Comparison

ISO 22000

Voluntary

2018

International standard for food safety management systems

ISO 27017

Voluntary

2015

International standard for cloud-specific security controls

Quick Verdict

ISO 22000 ensures food safety via FSMS and HACCP for food chain organizations, while ISO 27017 provides cloud-specific security guidance within ISO 27001 ISMS for CSPs and customers. Companies adopt them for certification, risk management, and market trust.

Food Safety

ISO 22000

ISO 22000:2018 Food safety management systems

Cost

€€€€

Complexity

High

Implementation Time

6-12 months

Key Features

High-Level Structure (HLS) for integrated management systems
Dual PDCA cycles: organizational and operational hazard control
Structured PRP, OPRP, CCP categorization via hazard analysis
Risk-based thinking separating enterprise and food hazards
Interactive communication as core food chain control measure

Cloud Security

ISO 27017

ISO/IEC 27017:2015 Cloud Security Controls

Cost

€€€

Complexity

Medium

Implementation Time

6-12 months

Key Features

Clarifies shared responsibilities between CSPs and CSCs
Adds 7 cloud-specific CLD controls to ISO 27002
Addresses multi-tenancy and virtual machine segregation
Provides guidance for asset removal and secure deletion
Enables customer monitoring of cloud service activities

Detailed Analysis

A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.

ISO 22000 Details

What It Is

ISO 22000:2018 is the international certification standard for Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS). It provides a systematic framework for organizations in the food chain to prevent hazards, ensure safe products, and meet regulatory/customer requirements. Built on a risk-based approach with HACCP principles, it uses two nested PDCA cycles for strategic governance and operational controls.

Key Components

Clauses 4-10 following **High-Level Structure (HLS)context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, improvement.
Core elements: PRPs, hazard analysis, OPRPs/CCPs, traceability, verification, recalls.
Integrates Codex HACCP with management system discipline; certifiable via accredited bodies.

Why Organizations Use It

Demonstrates food safety assurance for suppliers, regulators, customers.
Enables market access, reduces recalls, integrates with ISO 9001/14001.
Manages enterprise risks, builds trust, supports GFSI schemes like FSSC 22000.

Implementation Overview

Phased: gap analysis, PRPs/hazard plans, training, audits, certification (stage 1/2).
Applies to all food chain organizations; scalable for SMEs/large firms.
Requires internal audits, management reviews; 6-18 months typical timeline.

ISO 27017 Details

What It Is

ISO/IEC 27017:2015 is a code of practice extending ISO/IEC 27002 with cloud-specific information security controls. It provides guidance for implementing security in cloud services across IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models, using a risk-based approach within an ISO 27001 ISMS.

Key Components

Guidance on 37 ISO 27002 controls adapted for cloud environments
7 additional cloud-specific CLD controls (e.g., shared responsibilities, VM segregation, asset removal)
Built on ISO 27001 for ISMS integration
Assessed via ISO 27001 audits with 27017 scope extension; no standalone certification

Why Organizations Use It

Clarifies shared responsibilities between CSPs and CSCs
Meets procurement demands and regulatory alignment (e.g., GDPR support)
Reduces cloud risks like multi-tenancy and misconfigurations
Enhances competitive edge and customer trust through auditable cloud security

Implementation Overview

Integrate into existing ISO 27001 ISMS via risk assessment and control mapping
Key activities: define responsibilities, configure VMs/logs, update contracts
Applies to CSPs, CSCs of all sizes; global applicability
Joint audits typically 9-12 months (184 words)

Key Differences

Aspect	ISO 22000	ISO 27017
Scope	Food safety management systems (FSMS)	Cloud-specific information security controls
Industry	Food chain organizations worldwide	Cloud service providers and customers
Nature	Voluntary certifiable management standard	Guidance code extending ISO 27001/27002
Testing	Hazard analysis, CCP/OPRP validation, audits	Integrated ISO 27001 audits with cloud controls
Penalties	Loss of certification, market exclusion	No standalone penalties, audit nonconformities

Scope

ISO 22000

Food safety management systems (FSMS)

ISO 27017

Cloud-specific information security controls

Industry

ISO 22000

Food chain organizations worldwide

ISO 27017

Cloud service providers and customers

Nature

ISO 22000

Voluntary certifiable management standard

ISO 27017

Guidance code extending ISO 27001/27002

Testing

ISO 22000

Hazard analysis, CCP/OPRP validation, audits

ISO 27017

Integrated ISO 27001 audits with cloud controls

Penalties

ISO 22000

Loss of certification, market exclusion

ISO 27017

No standalone penalties, audit nonconformities

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about ISO 22000 and ISO 27017

ISO 22000 FAQ

ISO 27017 FAQ

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ISO 22000

ISO 27017

Quick Verdict

ISO 22000

Key Features

ISO 27017

Key Features

Detailed Analysis

ISO 22000 Details

What It Is

Key Components

Why Organizations Use It

Implementation Overview

ISO 27017 Details

What It Is

Key Components

Why Organizations Use It

Implementation Overview

Key Differences

Scope

Industry

Nature

Testing

Penalties

Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 22000 FAQ

What is the primary objective of ISO 22000?

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with ISO 22000?

Does ISO 22000 require an external audit or third-party certification?

How often should an assessment for ISO 22000 be performed?

What are the consequences of non-compliance with ISO 22000?

Can ISO 22000 be mapped to other international frameworks?

What is the first step to begin implementing ISO 22000?

ISO 27017 FAQ

What is the primary objective of ISO 27017?

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with ISO 27017?

Does ISO 27017 require an external audit or third-party certification?

How often should an assessment for ISO 27017 be performed?

What are the consequences of non-compliance with ISO 27017?

Can ISO 27017 be mapped to other international frameworks?

What is the first step to begin implementing ISO 27017?

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