What It Is

NIS2, officially Directive (EU) 2022/2555, is an EU regulation expanding the original NIS Directive. It establishes a high common level of cybersecurity resilience across member states for essential and important entities in broadened sectors like energy, transport, and digital services. Adopts a risk-based, all-hazards approach emphasizing continuous assurance over static compliance.

Key Components

• **Risk managementOngoing assessments, supply chain security, access controls, encryption.
• **Incident reporting24-hour early warnings, 72-hour notifications, one-month final reports.
• **Business continuityRecovery plans and crisis procedures.
• **Corporate accountabilitySenior management direct responsibility. Built on standards like ISO 27001; enforced via national transposition, registration, spot checks by CSIRTs.

Why Organizations Use It

Mandated for covered entities to avoid fines up to 2% global turnover. Enhances resilience against threats, ensures service continuity, builds stakeholder trust, and supports cross-border cooperation. Provides competitive edge through proactive cybersecurity posture.

Implementation Overview

Assess scope by size/sector; implement measures, train staff, establish reporting. Applies EU-wide to medium/large entities in critical sectors from October 2024. National audits and real-time evidence required; leverage existing frameworks for efficiency.

What It Is

ISO/IEC 27032:2023, titled Cybersecurity – Guidelines for Internet Security, is an international guidance standard (not certifiable like ISO/IEC 27001). It provides collaborative, stakeholder-driven approaches to manage Internet security risks, connecting information security, network security, and critical infrastructure protection in cyberspace. Its risk-based methodology emphasizes multi-stakeholder ecosystems.

Key Components

• Stakeholder roles (users, enterprises, ISPs, governments)
• Risk assessment, threat modeling, incident management
• Controls mapped to ISO/IEC 27002 (93 controls across organizational, people, physical, technological themes)
• Principles: collaboration, trust, continuous improvement Non-certifiable; integrates via ISO 27001 Statement of Applicability.

Why Organizations Use It

• Reduces legal/regulatory risks (e.g., NIS2, GDPR fines)
• Enhances resilience, operational efficiency, market access
• Builds stakeholder trust, lowers breach costs
• Competitive edge in cloud/supply-chain environments

Implementation Overview

Phased approach: gap analysis, risk assessment, controls deployment, monitoring. Applies to all sizes/industries with online presence; no formal certification, but aligns with audits. (178 words)