NIST 800-53
U.S. catalog of security and privacy controls
FedRAMP
U.S. government program standardizing cloud security authorization
Quick Verdict
NIST 800-53 provides flexible security/privacy controls for any organization, while FedRAMP mandates NIST 800-53-based authorization for U.S. federal cloud providers via 3PAO assessments. Companies adopt 800-53 for robust risk management; FedRAMP for federal contracts.
NIST 800-53
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 Security and Privacy Controls
Key Features
- 20 control families for security and privacy
- Outcome-based, flexible control statements
- Risk-tailored baselines (Low/Moderate/High/Privacy)
- Integrated RMF lifecycle governance
- OSCAL machine-readable automation support
FedRAMP
Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program
Key Features
- Assess once, use many times reusability across agencies
- NIST 800-53 Rev 5 controls at Low/Moderate/High baselines
- Independent 3PAO security assessments and audits
- Continuous monitoring with quarterly scans and annual SARs
- FedRAMP Marketplace listing for authorized CSPs
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
NIST 800-53 Details
What It Is
NIST SP 800-53 Revision 5 is the U.S. federal government's primary catalog of security and privacy controls for information systems and organizations. It provides a risk-informed, outcome-based framework to protect confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy against diverse threats.
Key Components
- Organized into 20 control families (e.g., AC, AU, SR, PT) with over 1,100 base controls and enhancements.
- Baselines in SP 800-53B for Low/Moderate/High impact plus privacy baseline.
- Built on RMF (SP 800-37); supports tailoring, overlays, and OSCAL machine-readable formats.
- Compliance via assessment procedures in SP 800-53A.
Why Organizations Use It
- Mandatory for federal agencies/contractors under FISMA/OMB A-130.
- Enhances risk management, operational resilience, reciprocity.
- Builds trust, enables FedRAMP, differentiates in procurement.
Implementation Overview
- **RMF lifecyclecategorize, select/tailor baselines, implement, assess, authorize, monitor.
- Phased for any size; high resource needs for large/complex orgs.
- No certification; continuous monitoring and ATO required.
FedRAMP Details
What It Is
FedRAMP (Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program) is a U.S. government-wide framework for standardizing security assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring of cloud services (CSOs) used by federal agencies. Its primary purpose is enabling "assess once, use many times" to reduce duplication, based on a risk-based approach using NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 controls mapped to FIPS 199 impact levels (Low, Moderate, High, LI-SaaS).
Key Components
- Baselines with ~156 (Low), 323 (Moderate), 410 (High) controls
- Core artifacts: SSP, SAR, POA&M, continuous monitoring plans
- Built on NIST standards; independent 3PAO assessments
- Compliance via Agency or Program Authorizations, listed on Marketplace
Why Organizations Use It
- Unlocks federal contracts worth $20M+; CMMC mandates for DoD
- Demonstrates robust security for commercial clients
- Reduces risk via standardized controls and reusability
- Builds stakeholder trust as a maturity badge
Implementation Overview
- 12-18 month process: categorization, documentation, 3PAO assessment, authorization
- Involves SSP drafting, gap remediation, continuous monitoring setup
- Targets CSPs seeking U.S. federal business; requires audits by accredited 3PAOs
Key Differences
| Aspect | NIST 800-53 | FedRAMP |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Security/privacy controls catalog for all systems | Cloud-specific NIST 800-53 baselines/authorization |
| Industry | Federal, state, private sector worldwide | U.S. federal cloud service providers |
| Nature | Voluntary control catalog/framework | Mandatory federal cloud authorization program |
| Testing | Organization-defined assessments (800-53A) | 3PAO independent assessments annually |
| Penalties | No direct penalties (compliance risk) | Contract loss, Marketplace delisting |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about NIST 800-53 and FedRAMP
NIST 800-53 FAQ
FedRAMP FAQ
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