OSHA
US federal regulation for workplace safety standards
IEC 62443
International standard for IACS cybersecurity framework
Quick Verdict
OSHA mandates physical safety and health standards for US workplaces via enforced regulations, while IEC 62443 provides voluntary cybersecurity frameworks for global industrial control systems. Companies adopt OSHA for legal compliance and IEC 62443 for OT cyber resilience.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
Key Features
- Enforces OSH Act standards via inspections and penalties
- General Duty Clause targets recognized serious hazards
- Hierarchy of controls prioritizes engineering over PPE
- Mandatory injury recordkeeping with electronic submission
- Risk-based prioritization of high-hazard inspections
IEC 62443
IEC 62443 IACS cybersecurity standards series
Key Features
- Zones and conduits segmentation model
- Security levels SL-T, SL-C, SL-A triad
- Shared responsibility across stakeholders
- Seven foundational requirements FR1-7
- ISASecure modular certifications SDLA/CSA/SSA
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
OSHA Details
What It Is
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act), is a US federal regulatory framework for workplace safety and health. Its primary purpose is to assure safe and healthful working conditions by enforcing standards codified in 29 CFR 1910 (general industry) and others. It uses a performance-based approach with the General Duty Clause for uncodified hazards and a hierarchy of controls.
Key Components
- Organized into subparts covering walking-working surfaces, PPE, hazardous materials, toxic substances (Subpart Z), emergency plans.
- Over 30 subparts with specific standards like HazCom (1910.1200), Lockout/Tagout (1910.147).
- Built on statutory duties, enforcement via inspections, civil penalties up to $165,514 for willful violations.
- Compliance model emphasizes recordkeeping (OSHA 300/300A/301) and electronic submission via ITA.
Why Organizations Use It
- Legal requirement under OSH Act for most US employers.
- Reduces injury risks, penalties, insurance costs; enhances productivity and reputation.
- Builds stakeholder trust through transparent data and cooperative programs like VPP.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: gap analysis, written programs (e.g., IIPP), training, engineering controls.
- Applies to general industry, construction; federal/state plans.
- Ongoing audits, no central certification but enforced via inspections. (178 words)
IEC 62443 Details
What It Is
IEC 62443 is the international consensus-based standard series (also ISA/IEC 62443) for cybersecurity of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). It provides a shared-responsibility framework spanning governance, risk assessment, system architecture, and product development, tailored for OT environments prioritizing safety, availability, and long lifecycles. Core approach: risk-based via zones/conduits and security levels (SL 0-4).
Key Components
- Four groupings: General (-1: terminology), Policies (-2: CSMS), System (-3: risk/SRs), Components (-4: SDL/CRs).
- Seven Foundational Requirements (FR1-7) like IAC, RDF, RA.
- ~140 technical requirements in 62443-4-2.
- Maturity levels (ML1-4); ISASecure certifications (SDLA, CSA, SSA).
Why Organizations Use It
- Mitigates OT cyber risks, supports regulatory baselines (e.g., NIS-2 references).
- Enables supply chain assurance, insurance benefits, market differentiation.
- Builds stakeholder trust via certifiable lifecycle security.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: CSMS setup (2-1), risk assessment/zoning (3-2), controls (3-3/4-2), certification.
- Applies globally to industrial sectors; suits all sizes via modularity.
Key Differences
| Aspect | OSHA | IEC 62443 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Physical safety, health hazards, recordkeeping | IACS cybersecurity, risk assessment, components |
| Industry | All US general industry, construction, agriculture | Industrial automation, critical infrastructure globally |
| Nature | Mandatory US federal regulations, enforced inspections | Voluntary international standards, certification schemes |
| Testing | Compliance inspections, injury record audits | Risk assessments, SL capability testing, audits |
| Penalties | Civil fines up to $165k, failure-to-abate daily | No legal penalties, loss of certification/reputation |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about OSHA and IEC 62443
OSHA FAQ
IEC 62443 FAQ
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