PCI DSS
Global standard for protecting payment card data
FDA 21 CFR Part 11
FDA regulation for trustworthy electronic records and signatures
Quick Verdict
PCI DSS secures payment card data for merchants worldwide via contractual controls, while FDA 21 CFR Part 11 ensures electronic records' trustworthiness for life sciences through validation and signatures. Companies adopt them to avoid fines, enable compliance, and build trust.
PCI DSS
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
Key Features
- 12 requirements organized into 6 control objectives
- Over 300 granular sub-requirements with testing procedures
- Contractual enforcement via fines and processing bans
- Network segmentation to minimize CDE compliance scope
- Quarterly ASV scans and annual penetration testing
FDA 21 CFR Part 11
21 CFR Part 11: Electronic Records; Electronic Signatures
Key Features
- Secure time-stamped audit trails for record changes
- Risk-based system validation and controls
- Unique electronic signatures with non-repudiation
- Access limitation and authority checks
- Encryption and digital signatures for open systems
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
PCI DSS Details
What It Is
PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) is an industry framework for securing cardholder data (CHD) and sensitive authentication data (SAD). Managed by the PCI Security Standards Council, it mandates technical and operational controls for organizations storing, processing, or transmitting payment card data. Its control-based approach focuses on protecting the cardholder data environment (CDE) through prescriptive requirements.
Key Components
- 12 requirements grouped into 6 control objectives (e.g., secure networks, vulnerability management, access controls).
- Over 300 sub-requirements with detailed testing procedures.
- Compliance via SAQs for smaller entities or ROCs by QSAs; includes quarterly ASV scans and annual penetration tests.
Why Organizations Use It
Contractually required for merchants/service providers; non-compliance risks fines, processing bans, and breach costs ($37/record avg.). Enhances fraud reduction, customer trust, and regulatory alignment (e.g., GDPR). Provides risk management and competitive edge in payments.
Implementation Overview
Phased: scope CDE, gap analysis, remediate controls, validate/attest. Applies globally to all card-handling entities; costs $5K-$200K+. Emphasizes segmentation, MFA, and ongoing monitoring. (178 words)
FDA 21 CFR Part 11 Details
What It Is
21 CFR Part 11 is a US FDA regulation that sets criteria for electronic records and electronic signatures to be trustworthy, reliable, and equivalent to paper records and handwritten signatures. It governs FDA-regulated industries using electronic systems for predicate rule-required records. Adopts a narrow, risk-based scope per 2003 FDA guidance, focusing on reliance rather than all electronic data.
Key Components
- **Subpart BClosed (§11.10) and open (§11.30) system controls including validation, audit trails, access limits, operational/authority/device checks.
- **Subpart CElectronic signatures with uniqueness (§11.100), manifestation (§11.50), linking (§11.70), multi-component controls (§11.200/300).
- Core principles: authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation. No certification; compliance enforced via inspections.
Why Organizations Use It
- Legal compliance for electronic reliance in pharma, devices, biotech.
- Mitigates data integrity risks, avoids warning letters.
- Enables efficient digital operations, faster inspections.
- Builds stakeholder trust, supports quality systems.
Implementation Overview
Phased risk-based approach: scope records, gap analysis, validation (IQ/OQ/PQ), controls, training, ongoing monitoring. Applies to mid-large FDA-regulated firms; US-centric, integrates with GxP.
Key Differences
| Aspect | PCI DSS | FDA 21 CFR Part 11 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Protects cardholder data storage/processing/transmission | Ensures electronic records/signatures trustworthiness |
| Industry | Payment card merchants/service providers globally | Life sciences/pharma/medical devices US-regulated |
| Nature | Contractual security standard enforced by brands | FDA regulation with predicate rule enforcement |
| Testing | Quarterly ASV scans, annual QSA ROC/pentests | Risk-based CSV (IQ/OQ/PQ), audit trail validation |
| Penalties | Fines, processing bans, contractual enforcement | Warning letters, product holds, regulatory actions |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about PCI DSS and FDA 21 CFR Part 11
PCI DSS FAQ
FDA 21 CFR Part 11 FAQ
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