SOC 2
AICPA framework for service organization security controls
SAMA CSF
Saudi framework for financial cybersecurity governance and controls
Quick Verdict
SOC 2 offers voluntary trust assurance for global service providers via TSC audits, while SAMA CSF mandates maturity-based controls for Saudi financial firms. Companies adopt SOC 2 for market access; SAMA CSF for regulatory survival and resilience.
SOC 2
System and Organization Controls 2
Key Features
- Trust Services Criteria: mandatory Security, optional pillars
- Type 2 reports prove operating effectiveness over 3-12 months
- Independent CPA attestation for third-party assurance
- Flexible risk-based scoping tailored to services
- 80% control overlap with ISO 27001 and NIST
SAMA CSF
SAMA Cyber Security Framework Version 1.0
Key Features
- Six-level maturity model with Level 3 baseline
- Four domains covering governance to third-party risks
- Principle-based controls aligned with NIST and ISO
- Mandatory for Saudi financial institutions
- Self-assessment and SAMA audit requirements
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
SOC 2 Details
What It Is
SOC 2 (System and Organization Controls 2) is a voluntary attestation framework from the AICPA for service organizations handling customer data. It assesses controls via Trust Services Criteria (TSC)—Security (mandatory), Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, and Privacy. Uses a risk-based, control-oriented methodology evaluating design and operations.
Key Components
- **Five TSCSecurity (CC1-CC9 mandatory), four optional criteria.
- 50-100 controls per scope, built on COSO principles.
- Type 1 (point-in-time design) and Type 2 (effectiveness over 3-12 months).
- CPA-issued reports with auditor opinions and test results.
Why Organizations Use It
- Accelerates sales, satisfies enterprise RFPs and vendor assessments.
- Reduces breach risks, liabilities, downtime costs.
- Builds trust, investor confidence, competitive moats in SaaS/cloud.
- Voluntary yet often contract-mandated for data processors.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: scoping/gap analysis, control deployment, monitoring, CPA audit.
- Suits SaaS/fintech any size; automation eases for startups.
- 6-12 months typical; $20K-$100K costs.
SAMA CSF Details
What It Is
SAMA Cyber Security Framework (SAMA CSF Version 1.0, May 2017) is a mandatory regulatory framework issued by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority for SAMA-regulated financial institutions. It provides a principle-based, outcome-oriented blueprint to detect, resist, respond to, and recover from cyber threats, focusing on governance, controls, and maturity across the financial sector.
Key Components
- Four main domains: Cyber Security Leadership and Governance, Risk Management and Compliance, Operations and Technology, Third Party Cyber Security.
- Detailed subdomains with principles, objectives, and control considerations (over 100 subcontrols).
- Six-level Cyber Security Maturity Model (Level 3 minimum: structured policies, standards, procedures, KPIs).
- Aligned with NIST, ISO 27001, PCI-DSS; self-assessment and SAMA audits for compliance.
Why Organizations Use It
- Mandatory compliance for banks, insurers, financing firms to avoid fines, audits, operational restrictions.
- Enhances resilience, reduces incidents, improves efficiency and vendor management.
- Builds trust, enables partnerships, supports Vision 2030 digital growth.
Implementation Overview
- Phased approach: gap analysis, risk assessment, roadmap, deployment, monitoring, audits.
- Targets financial institutions in Saudi Arabia; scalable by size.
- Requires self-assessments, evidence portfolios; no external certification but SAMA review.
Key Differences
| Aspect | SOC 2 | SAMA CSF |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Trust Services Criteria: Security, Availability, Confidentiality, etc. | 4 domains: Governance, Risk Mgmt, Operations, Third-Party |
| Industry | Service orgs (SaaS, cloud) globally | Saudi financial institutions (banks, insurance) only |
| Nature | Voluntary AICPA audit framework | Mandatory regulatory framework by SAMA |
| Testing | Type 1/2 CPA audits, annual | Self-assessments, SAMA audits, maturity model |
| Penalties | No legal penalties, market exclusion | Fines, license suspension, enforcement actions |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about SOC 2 and SAMA CSF
SOC 2 FAQ
SAMA CSF FAQ
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