APPI
Japan's regulation governing personal data protection and handling
ISO 28000
International standard for supply chain security management systems.
Quick Verdict
APPI mandates privacy protections for Japanese personal data, enforced by PPC fines up to ¥100M. ISO 28000 is a voluntary framework for supply chain security certification. Companies adopt APPI for legal compliance in Japan; ISO 28000 for resilience and market trust.
APPI
Act on the Protection of Personal Information
Key Features
- Extraterritorial scope targets foreign businesses handling Japanese data
- Pseudonymously processed info enables consent-free purpose changes
- Explicit prior consent for sensitive data transfers
- PPC fines up to ¥100 million for violations
- Data subject rights access deletion within 30 days
ISO 28000
ISO 28000:2022 Security management systems — Requirements
Key Features
- Risk-based supply chain security assessment and treatment
- PDCA cycle for continual improvement and integration
- Leadership commitment with policy and accountabilities
- Operational controls including supplier and external processes
- Security plans for response, communication, and recovery
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
APPI Details
What It Is
Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI) is Japan's primary regulation for handling personal data, enacted in 2003 with major amendments in 2022. It balances privacy rights with data utility in a digital economy, applying to all business operators processing identifiable data of Japanese residents, including extraterritorial foreign entities targeting Japan. Core approach is principle-based with risk assessments, purpose limitation, and security controls.
Key Components
- Pillars: consent, purpose limitation, data subject rights (access, correction, deletion), security safeguards.
- Sensitive data (medical, race) requires explicit consent; pseudonymized info allows flexible use.
- Built on transparency, minimization, accountability; enforced by PPC with ¥100M fines.
- No mandatory certification, but compliance via self-audits and guidelines.
Why Organizations Use It
Drives legal compliance to avoid fines, reputational damage; enables cross-border transfers via SCCs. Builds consumer trust (78% prefer compliant brands), yields ROI through efficiency (15-25% cost cuts), market access in $5T economy.
Implementation Overview
Phased framework (gap analysis, governance, controls, monitoring) over 12-24 months. Applies to all sizes/industries handling Japanese data; SMEs lighter touch. Involves data mapping, DPO appointment, vendor DPAs, training; PPC audits for large firms.
ISO 28000 Details
What It Is
ISO 28000:2022 is an international certification standard for establishing, implementing, and improving a security management system (SMS) focused on supply chain security and resilience. It uses a risk-based PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach to manage threats like theft, sabotage, and disruptions.
Key Components
- Clauses 4-10 cover context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, and improvement.
- Emphasizes risk assessment (aligned with ISO 31000), operational controls, security plans, and supplier interdependencies.
- Built on harmonized ISO structure for integration with ISO 9001, ISO 22301.
- Third-party certification via ISO 28003-compliant bodies.
Why Organizations Use It
- Reduces supply chain risks, ensures continuity, meets partner/contractual demands.
- Demonstrates compliance, lowers insurance costs, enhances market access.
- Builds stakeholder trust through auditable governance.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: gap analysis, risk assessment, controls deployment, training, audits.
- Scalable for all sizes/industries; 9-36 months typical.
- Involves internal audits, management reviews, certification audits.
Key Differences
| Aspect | APPI | ISO 28000 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Personal data protection and privacy | Supply chain security management |
| Industry | All data-handling sectors in Japan | Logistics, manufacturing, global supply chains |
| Nature | Mandatory Japanese law with PPC enforcement | Voluntary international certification standard |
| Testing | PPC audits, self-assessments, breach reporting | Internal audits, management reviews, certification audits |
| Penalties | ¥100M fines, imprisonment for violations | Loss of certification, no legal penalties |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about APPI and ISO 28000
APPI FAQ
ISO 28000 FAQ
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