EPA
U.S. federal regulations for air, water, waste protection
ISO 27701
International standard for privacy information management systems
Quick Verdict
EPA enforces mandatory environmental standards for pollution control via permits and inspections, while ISO 27701 provides voluntary PIMS certification for privacy governance. Companies adopt EPA for legal compliance; ISO 27701 for global trust and accountability.
EPA
U.S. EPA Regulatory Standards (40 CFR)
Key Features
- Multi-layered structure: statutes, 40 CFR, permits, monitoring
- Evidence-driven compliance via QA/QC and chain-of-custody
- Hybrid technology-based and health-protective standards
- Federal-state implementation with SIPs and NPDES
- Dynamic rulemaking tracked via Regulations.gov dockets
ISO 27701
ISO/IEC 27701:2025 Privacy Information Management Systems
Key Features
- Establishes auditable Privacy Information Management System (PIMS)
- Separate controls for PII controllers and processors
- Risk-based PDCA cycle with DPIAs and DSR handling
- Mappings to GDPR, ISO 27001 for compliance alignment
- Supports stand-alone certification and continual improvement
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
EPA Details
What It Is
EPA standards are a family of legally binding U.S. federal regulations under statutes like CAA, CWA, and RCRA, codified in 40 CFR. They form a regulatory framework for environmental protection across air, water, and waste. Primary purpose: protect human health and environment via performance standards, permits, and enforcement. Approach: risk-based with technology and health endpoints, evidence-driven systems.
Key Components
- Numeric limits, thresholds, monitoring/reporting (e.g., NPDES DMRs).
- Permitting (Title V, NPDES, RCRA TSDF).
- Six core elements: statutory authority, regulations, standards, permits, data requirements, enforcement.
- Built on federal-state partnership; no single certification, but compliance via audits/inspections.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandatory for regulated entities to avoid penalties, shutdowns, liabilities. Drives risk management, operational efficiency, ESG alignment. Enables uniform baselines, innovation; builds stakeholder trust via transparency (ECHO, ICIS).
Implementation Overview
Phased: gap analysis, EMS design, controls deployment, training, audits. Applies to industries like manufacturing, energy; multi-state ops need layered mapping. Ongoing via PDCA, docket tracking; high complexity for SMEs.
ISO 27701 Details
What It Is
ISO/IEC 27701:2025 is the international standard defining requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving a Privacy Information Management System (PIMS). It targets PII controllers and processors, governing PII lifecycle with emphasis on accountability and risk management. It uses a risk-based PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach, aligned with ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
Key Components
- Clauses 4–10: Management system extensions for context, leadership, planning, operation, evaluation, improvement.
- **Annex APrivacy controls for PII controllers (e.g., consent, DSRs, DPIAs).
- **Annex BControls for PII processors (e.g., contracts, sub-processors).
- Mappings to GDPR (Annex D) and other frameworks. Certification model: 3-year cycle with audits by accredited bodies.
Why Organizations Use It
- Meets global privacy laws (GDPR, CCPA) accountability requirements.
- Mitigates regulatory fines, breaches, vendor risks.
- Builds trust, enables procurement differentiation.
- Harmonizes compliance across jurisdictions, reduces costs.
Implementation Overview
Phased roadmap: scope/PII inventory, design controls/policies, implement/operate (training, tooling), validate (audits). Applies to all sizes/sectors; 6–12 months typical with ISMS.
Key Differences
| Aspect | EPA | ISO 27701 |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Environmental pollution control across air, water, waste | Privacy management system for PII processing |
| Industry | Manufacturing, energy, waste management, all sizes US-focused | All sectors handling PII, global applicability |
| Nature | Mandatory US federal regulations with enforcement | Voluntary international certification standard |
| Testing | Monitoring, sampling, inspections, DMR reporting | Internal audits, certification body assessments |
| Penalties | Civil/criminal fines, injunctions, facility shutdowns | Loss of certification, no direct legal penalties |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about EPA and ISO 27701
EPA FAQ
ISO 27701 FAQ
You Might also be Interested in These Articles...
Beyond the Boardroom: 5 Ways Modern Compliance Software Elevates Every Department
Discover 5 ways modern compliance software boosts HR, IT, finance & more: automate risks, enhance efficiency, ensure data integrity, stay audit-ready. Elevate y
CIS Controls v8.1 for Cloud & Kubernetes: A Practical Implementation Playbook (AWS/Azure/GCP + IaC)
Translate CIS Controls v8.1 to cloud-native: Kubernetes patterns for IAM, logging, vuln mgmt, hardening on AWS, Azure, GCP + IaC. Practical playbook for teams.
PDPA Cross-Border Transfer Rules Decoded: Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan Mechanisms Compared with Practical Implementation Templates
Decode PDPA cross-border transfers for Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan. Statutory excerpts, approved mechanisms, SCC templates. Harmonize with GDPR, navigate exempt
Run Maturity Assessments with GRADUM
Transform your compliance journey with our AI-powered assessment platform
Assess your organization's maturity across multiple standards and regulations including ISO 27001, DORA, NIS2, NIST, GDPR, and hundreds more. Get actionable insights and track your progress with collaborative, AI-powered evaluations.
Check out these other Gradum.io Standards Comparison Pages
CCPA vs ISO 30301
Compare CCPA vs ISO 30301: CCPA grants CA data rights like opt-out & delete; ISO 30301 ensures records governance. Unlock compliance strategies now.
SOC 2 vs ISO 19600
Compare SOC 2 vs ISO 19600: SOC 2 audits data security for SaaS via Trust Criteria; ISO 19600 guides risk-based CMS for all orgs. Find your ideal compliance path!
ISO/IEC 42001:2023 vs 23 NYCRR 500
Compare ISO/IEC 42001:2023 vs 23 NYCRR 500: Align AI governance with NYDFS cybersecurity for finance. Bridge gaps in risk, MFA & ethics—unlock compliance & trust now!