What is the primary objective of ISO 14064?

ISO 14064 provides requirements and guidance for quantifying, reporting, and verifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. The standard family comprises three parts: ISO 14064-1:2018 for organizational-level inventories, ISO 14064-2:2019 for project-level reductions/removals, and ISO 14064-3:2019 for validation/verification. It enforces five principles—relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, accuracy—to ensure credible, comparable GHG statements supporting regulatory reporting, investor disclosure, and carbon markets.

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with ISO 14064?

No organization is legally mandated to comply with ISO 14064, as it is a voluntary international standard. It is professionally required for entities in emissions trading schemes, regulatory disclosure regimes (e.g., EU ETS, CSRD), or stakeholder demands for verified GHG data. Users include organizations compiling inventories, project developers quantifying reductions, and verifiers issuing assurance statements, particularly in energy-intensive sectors like manufacturing, utilities, and heavy industry.

Does ISO 14064 require an external audit or third-party certification?

ISO 14064 does not require external audit or third-party certification. Parts 1 and 2 provide self-implementation guidance for inventories and projects, while ISO 14064-3 outlines optional validation/verification processes at limited or reasonable assurance levels. Third-party assurance by competent bodies (aligned with ISO 14065:2020) enhances credibility for markets, regulators, and investors but remains voluntary.

How often should an assessment for ISO 14064 be performed?

ISO 14064 assessments should be performed annually to maintain consistency and enable base-year comparisons. Organizational inventories under ISO 14064-1 cover a defined reporting period (typically calendar year), with recalculations for structural changes like acquisitions. Project monitoring under ISO 14064-2 follows defined plans, and verification under ISO 14064-3 aligns with reporting cycles or stakeholder needs.

What are the consequences of non-compliance with ISO 14064?

Non-compliance with ISO 14064 carries no direct penalties, as it is voluntary. Indirect consequences include rejected GHG claims in carbon markets, regulatory scrutiny under disclosure laws, investor distrust, or greenwashing risks from unverifiable statements. Poorly prepared inventories fail ISO 14064-3 assurance, blocking access to finance, procurement, or trading schemes.

Can ISO 14064 be mapped to other international frameworks?

Yes, ISO 14064 aligns closely with the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard's principles and scope categories. Its five principles mirror GHG Protocol requirements, enabling interoperable inventories for Scopes 1-3. ISO 14064-1 supports organizational reporting compatible with platforms like CDP, while Part 2 aids project crediting; mappings facilitate multi-framework compliance without independent mention here.

What is the first step to begin implementing ISO 14064?

The first step is defining organizational and operational boundaries per ISO 14064-1. Select consolidation approach (equity share or control—financial/operational), identify emission sources/sinks across Scopes 1-3, and document relevance to decision-making. This governance decision ensures relevance, sets base-year policy, and guides data collection.

What is the primary objective of AS9120B?

AS9120B establishes a quality management system (QMS) for aerospace distributors that procure, store, split, and resell parts without altering characteristics. Built on ISO 9001:2015’s 10-clause structure, it adds over 100 requirements addressing distribution risks like traceability loss, counterfeit parts, documentation errors, and external provider controls to ensure chain-of-custody integrity.

Who is legally or professionally required to comply with AS9120B?

AS9120B applies to stockist distributors, pass-through distributors, and those performing batch splitting in aviation, space, and defense sectors. It targets organizations without value-added activities like machining or repair; certification is a commercial requirement from OEMs and primes for supply chain approval, with over 2,400 global certifications as of 2026.

Does AS9120B require an external audit or third-party certification?

AS9120B requires third-party certification through accredited bodies for OASIS listing and market access. Organizations undergo Stage 1 (documentation) and Stage 2 (implementation) audits per IAQG rules, followed by annual surveillance and triennial recertification to verify QMS effectiveness.

How often should an assessment for AS9120B be performed?

AS9120B mandates internal audits at planned intervals to cover all processes annually. Management reviews occur at defined intervals (typically quarterly or semi-annually), with full recertification audits every three years and ongoing monitoring of KPIs like nonconformities and supplier performance.

What are the consequences of non-compliance with AS9120B?

Non-compliance with AS9120B results in audit nonconformities, certification denial or suspension, and exclusion from OEM supply chains. It risks contract loss, OASIS delisting, legal liabilities from counterfeit parts or traceability failures, and operational issues like recalls or fines from aviation authorities.

Can AS9120B be mapped to other international frameworks?

AS9120B aligns directly with ISO 9001:2015’s high-level structure, enabling seamless mapping of its 10 clauses. Aerospace additions like counterfeit prevention and traceability integrate with IAQG standards, but “not applicable” justifications (e.g., Clause 8.3 design) must be documented without affecting conformity.

What is the first step to begin implementing AS9120B?

The first step for AS9120B implementation is conducting a gap analysis against its clauses using a certified checklist. Define QMS scope (Clause 4.3), justify non-applicable requirements, identify internal/external issues and interested parties, and prioritize distributor risks like supplier controls and traceability.

Standards Comparison

ISO 14064 vs AS9120B

ISO 14064

Voluntary

2018

International standards for GHG quantification, reporting, verification

AS9120B

Mandatory

2016

International standard for aerospace distributors' quality management.

Quick Verdict

ISO 14064 provides GHG accounting and assurance for all organizations worldwide, while AS9120B ensures quality management for aerospace distributors. Companies adopt ISO 14064 for credible emissions reporting and AS9120B for supply chain approval and risk mitigation.

Greenhouse Gas Accounting

ISO 14064

ISO 14064 Greenhouse gases quantification, reporting, verification standards

Cost

€€€

Complexity

High

Implementation Time

6-12 months

Key Features

Three-part modular structure for inventories, projects, verification
Five core principles: relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, accuracy
Standardizes Scope 1-3 emissions categorization and boundaries
Risk-based validation and verification processes (Part 3)
Aligns with GHG Protocol for global regulatory compliance

Quality Management

AS9120B

AS9120B Quality Management Systems for Distributors

Cost

€€€€

Complexity

High

Implementation Time

6-12 months

Key Features

Traceability and chain-of-custody controls for split lots
Counterfeit and suspected unapproved parts prevention
Enhanced external provider evaluation and flowdown
Configuration management via sales order records
Risk-based operational planning and verification

Detailed Analysis

A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.

ISO 14064 Details

What It Is

ISO 14064 (Parts 1:2018, 2:2019, 3:2019) is an international standard family for quantifying, reporting, and assuring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions/removals. It offers a principle-based, modular framework for organizations and projects, focusing on credible, auditable inventories via structured boundaries and methodologies.

Key Components

**Part 1Organizational GHG inventories (Scopes 1-3)
**Part 2Project reductions/removals with baselines/additionality
**Part 3Validation/verification with risk assessment
Five principles: relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, accuracy
Third-party assurance model, no formal certification

Why Organizations Use It

Enables regulatory compliance (CSRD, SB-253, ETS)
Builds investor trust, unlocks green finance
Identifies efficiency hotspots, manages Scope 3 risks
Enhances comparability, combats greenwashing

Implementation Overview

Phased: governance, boundaries, data collection, verification
Suits all sizes, GHG-intensive sectors globally
6-12 months typical; integrates with ISO 14001

AS9120B Details

What It Is

AS9120B is the IAQG quality management system standard for aerospace distributors, built on ISO 9001:2015's 10-clause structure. It establishes requirements for organizations procuring, storing, splitting, and reselling parts without alteration, using a risk-based approach to address distribution risks like traceability loss and counterfeits.

Key Components

Over 100 aerospace-specific requirements beyond ISO 9001.
Core areas: context analysis, leadership, planning, support, operations (traceability, preservation, counterfeit prevention), performance evaluation, improvement.
Built on PDCA cycle; requires documented information, not a full manual.
Certification via accredited bodies, leading to IAQG OASIS listing.

Why Organizations Use It

Commercial necessity for OEM/Tier 1 supply chains.
Mitigates risks of nonconformities, enhances chain-of-custody trust.
Drives efficiency, market access (over 2,400 global certifications), competitive edge.

Implementation Overview

Phased: gap analysis, process design, training, audits (6-12 months).
Applies to aviation/space/defense distributors globally.
Involves cross-functional teams, internal audits, management reviews for certification.

Key Differences

Aspect	ISO 14064	AS9120B
Scope	GHG emissions quantification, reporting, verification	Aerospace parts distribution quality management
Industry	All sectors worldwide, any organization	Aerospace distribution, aviation/space/defense
Nature	Voluntary international standard family	Voluntary certification standard for distributors
Testing	Third-party validation/verification optional	Certification audits, internal audits required
Penalties	Loss of credibility, no legal penalties	Loss of certification, market exclusion

Scope

ISO 14064

GHG emissions quantification, reporting, verification

AS9120B

Aerospace parts distribution quality management

Industry

ISO 14064

All sectors worldwide, any organization

AS9120B

Aerospace distribution, aviation/space/defense

Nature

ISO 14064

Voluntary international standard family

AS9120B

Voluntary certification standard for distributors

Testing

ISO 14064

Third-party validation/verification optional

AS9120B

Certification audits, internal audits required

Penalties

ISO 14064

Loss of credibility, no legal penalties

AS9120B

Loss of certification, market exclusion

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about ISO 14064 and AS9120B

ISO 14064 FAQ

AS9120B FAQ

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What It Is

Key Components

**Part 1Organizational GHG inventories (Scopes 1-3)

**Part 2Project reductions/removals with baselines/additionality

**Part 3Validation/verification with risk assessment

Five principles: relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, accuracy

Third-party assurance model, no formal certification

What It Is

Key Components

Over 100 aerospace-specific requirements beyond ISO 9001.

Core areas: context analysis, leadership, planning, support, operations (traceability, preservation, counterfeit prevention), performance evaluation, improvement.

Built on PDCA cycle; requires documented information, not a full manual.

Certification via accredited bodies, leading to IAQG OASIS listing.

Aspect

ISO 14064

AS9120B

Scope

GHG emissions quantification, reporting, verification

Aerospace parts distribution quality management

Industry

All sectors worldwide, any organization

Aerospace distribution, aviation/space/defense

Nature

Voluntary international standard family

Voluntary certification standard for distributors

Testing

Third-party validation/verification optional

Certification audits, internal audits required

Penalties

Loss of credibility, no legal penalties

Loss of certification, market exclusion