What It Is

NIS2, officially Directive (EU) 2022/2555, is an EU regulation expanding the original NIS Directive. It establishes a high common level of cybersecurity resilience for critical infrastructure and digital services across member states. Primary scope covers essential and important entities in 18 sectors via a size-cap rule. It employs a risk-based approach with continuous assurance.

Key Components

• **Risk managementOngoing assessments, supply chain security, access controls, encryption.
• **Incident reporting24-hour early warning, 72-hour details, one-month final report.
• **Business continuityRecovery plans, crisis procedures.
• **Corporate accountabilitySenior management direct responsibility. No fixed controls; leverages standards like ISO 27001. Compliance via national transposition, audits, spot checks.

Why Organizations Use It

Mandatory for medium/large entities in scope; avoids fines up to 2% global turnover. Enhances resilience, ensures service continuity, builds stakeholder trust. Provides competitive edge through proactive cyber posture amid rising threats.

Implementation Overview

Assess applicability by size/sector; implement risk frameworks, reporting processes, training. Tailor to national variations post-October 2024 deadline. Continuous monitoring, vendor audits required. No certification but subject to authority oversight.

What It Is

ISO/IEC 42001:2023 is the world's first international standard for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving an Artificial Intelligence Management System (AIMS). It provides a risk-based framework using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) methodology and High-Level Structure (HLS) to govern AI responsibly across the full lifecycle, applicable to any organization regardless of size, sector, or AI role (developers, providers, users).

Key Components

• Clauses 4-10 cover context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, and improvement.
• **Annex A38 AI-specific controls for risks like bias, transparency, and third-party management.
• Built on PDCA and HLS for integration with ISO 9001/27001.
• Certification via accredited third-party audits, with AIIAs for high-risk AI.

Why Organizations Use It

• Mitigates AI risks (bias, drift, ethics) while enabling innovation.
• Aligns with EU AI Act, NIST, and UN SDGs for compliance and foresight.
• Builds trust, reputation, and competitive edge, as in Microsoft Copilot certification.

Implementation Overview

• Phased: gap analysis, policy development, risk assessments, training, audits.
• 6-12 months typical, faster with existing ISO systems.
• Universal applicability; tools like ISMS.online accelerate.