What It Is

NIS2 Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2555) is an EU regulation expanding the original NIS Directive to boost cybersecurity resilience. It targets essential and important entities in 18 sectors like energy, transport, and digital infrastructure using a risk-based approach with size-cap rules for medium/large organizations.

Key Components

• **Risk managementContinuous assessments, supply chain security, access controls, encryption.
• **Incident reporting24-hour early warning, 72-hour notification, one-month final report.
• **Business continuityRecovery plans and resilience measures.
• **Corporate accountabilitySenior management responsibility. Draws on standards like ISO 27001; enforced via national authorities with spot checks.

Why Organizations Use It

Ensures legal compliance avoiding fines up to 2% global turnover or €10M. Enhances resilience against threats, protects critical services, builds trust, and provides competitive edge in cyber maturity.

Implementation Overview

Conduct gap analysis, deploy measures, train staff, register with CSIRTs. Applies to EU medium/large entities in covered sectors; transposition by Oct 2024. Ongoing supervision, no certification but audits and evidence-based assurance. (178 words)

What It Is

NIST SP 800-53 Revision 5 is the U.S. federal government's primary catalog of security and privacy controls for information systems and organizations. This control-based framework provides standardized safeguards to protect confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy risks through a risk-informed, outcome-based approach integrated with the Risk Management Framework (RMF).

Key Components

• Organized into 20 control families (e.g., AC, AU, SR) with over 1,100 controls and enhancements.
• Baselines in SP 800-53B for Low, Moderate, High impact levels plus a privacy baseline.
• Built on functionality and assurance principles; supports tailoring, overlays, and OSCAL machine-readable formats.
• Compliance via RMF: categorize, select, implement, assess, authorize, monitor.

Why Organizations Use It

• Meets FISMA, OMB A-130 mandates for federal entities and contractors.
• Enhances risk management, operational resilience, and supply chain security.
• Provides competitive edge via FedRAMP, reciprocity, and cross-framework mappings (CSF, ISO 27001).
• Builds stakeholder trust through auditable, evidence-driven assurance.

Implementation Overview

• Phased RMF approach: gap analysis, baseline selection/tailoring, automation, continuous monitoring.
• Applies to federal, contractors, critical infrastructure; scalable for any size.
• No formal certification; relies on internal assessments (SP 800-53A) and ATO processes. (178 words)