What It Is

AS9100D:2016 is the international certification standard for quality management systems (QMS) in aviation, space, and defense. It extends ISO 9001:2015 with over 100 aerospace-specific requirements, focusing on safety-critical processes via a process-based, risk-oriented approach using Annex SL structure.

Key Components

• Core clauses (4-10): context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, improvement.
• Aerospace additions: product safety (8.1.3), counterfeit prevention (8.1.4), configuration management (8.1.2), operational risks (8.1.1), human factors.
• Built on PDCA cycle; requires third-party certification with audits.

Why Organizations Use It

• Mandated by OEMs for supply chain access.
• Reduces defects, improves delivery, ensures traceability.
• Mitigates safety risks, builds stakeholder trust, enhances competitiveness via OASIS visibility.

Implementation Overview

• Phased: gap analysis, process design, training, internal audits, Stage 1/2 certification.
• 6-18 months typical; suits all sizes in ASD sectors globally.
• Ongoing surveillance audits every year, recertification triennially.

What It Is

Basel III is the global prudential regulatory framework issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) post-2008 financial crisis. It strengthens bank resilience by enhancing capital quality and quantity, introducing leverage and liquidity constraints, and improving risk measurement comparability. Employs a "belts and suspenders" multi-metric approach combining risk-weighted assets (RWA) with non-risk-based measures.

Key Components

• **Pillar 1Capital ratios (CET1 4.5%, Tier 1 6%, Total 8%), leverage ratio (3%), LCR (30-day liquidity), NSFR (1-year funding), plus buffers (CCB 2.5%, CCyB, G-SIB).
• **Pillar 2Supervisory review via ICAAP and stress testing.
• **Pillar 3Standardized disclosures for RWA comparability and market discipline. No formal certification; compliance through national laws.

Why Organizations Use It

Mandatory for internationally active banks to meet jurisdictional rules, mitigate systemic risks, constrain leverage, ensure liquidity resilience. Yields lower funding costs, investor trust, strategic balance-sheet optimization, and reduced model risk.

Implementation Overview

Phased enterprise program: governance setup, data/systems build, model recalibration, training. Targets large banks globally; involves QIS, parallel runs, ongoing reporting/RCAP audits. (178 words)