Standards Comparison

    FedRAMP

    Mandatory
    2011

    U.S. government program standardizing federal cloud security authorization

    VS

    ISO 27701

    Voluntary
    2019

    International standard for privacy information management systems

    Quick Verdict

    FedRAMP standardizes US federal cloud security via NIST controls and 3PAO assessments for government contracts, while ISO 27701 extends management systems for global PII privacy governance. Companies adopt FedRAMP for federal access; ISO 27701 for privacy certification and compliance.

    Cloud Security

    FedRAMP

    Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program

    Cost
    €€€
    Complexity
    Medium
    Implementation Time
    12-18 months

    Key Features

    • Assess once, use many times reusability across agencies
    • NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 baselines at Low/Moderate/High levels
    • Independent Third-Party Assessment Organization (3PAO) evaluations
    • Continuous monitoring with monthly vulnerability scans and reports
    • FedRAMP Marketplace listing authorized cloud service offerings
    Privacy Management

    ISO 27701

    ISO/IEC 27701:2025 Privacy Information Management Systems

    Cost
    €€€
    Complexity
    High
    Implementation Time
    6-12 months

    Key Features

    • Establishes Privacy Information Management System (PIMS)
    • Role-specific controls for PII controllers and processors
    • Integrates with ISO 27001 ISMS via shared clauses
    • Annex mappings to GDPR and other privacy laws
    • 3-year certification with annual surveillance audits

    Detailed Analysis

    A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.

    FedRAMP Details

    What It Is

    FedRAMP (Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program) is a U.S. government-wide framework standardizing security assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring for cloud services used by federal agencies. Its primary purpose is enabling "assess once, use many times" reusability, based on a risk-based approach aligned with NIST SP 800-53 Rev 5 controls and FIPS 199 impact levels (Low, Moderate, High, plus LI-SaaS).

    Key Components

    • Baselines with ~156 (Low), ~323 (Moderate), ~410 (High) controls across 20 families.
    • Core artifacts: System Security Plan (SSP), Security Assessment Report (SAR), Plan of Action & Milestones (POA&M).
    • Built on NIST standards; uses independent 3PAO assessments and FedRAMP Marketplace for listings.
    • Compliance via Agency or Program Authorizations, with ongoing continuous monitoring.

    Why Organizations Use It

    Unlocks federal contracts worth $20M+; mandated for CMMC contractors. Reduces risk duplication, builds trust via rigorous validation. Provides competitive edge as security badge for commercial sales.

    Implementation Overview

    Involves categorization, SSP development, 3PAO assessment, remediation; 12-18 months typical. Targets cloud providers; costs $150k-$2M+. Requires specialized teams, automation for monitoring.

    ISO 27701 Details

    What It Is

    ISO/IEC 27701:2025 is the international standard for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving a Privacy Information Management System (PIMS). It provides a risk-based framework extending ISO 27001 principles to manage privacy risks for PII controllers and processors.

    Key Components

    • Clauses 4–10 for management system (context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, improvement)
    • **Annex AControls for PII controllers (e.g., lawful basis, DSARs, retention)
    • **Annex BControls for PII processors (e.g., contracts, sub-processors)
    • Mappings to GDPR, ISO 27002; certification via accredited bodies with 3-year cycle

    Why Organizations Use It

    • Demonstrates accountability for global privacy laws (GDPR, CCPA)
    • Reduces risks via integrated security-privacy governance
    • Builds trust, aids procurement, differentiates in supply chains

    Implementation Overview

    • Phased: gap analysis, controls, audits; 6-12 months typical
    • Applies to all PII-processing organizations; integrates with ISMS
    • Requires internal audits, SoA, evidence like RoPA, DSAR logs

    Key Differences

    Scope

    FedRAMP
    Cloud security assessment, authorization, monitoring
    ISO 27701
    Privacy management system for PII processing

    Industry

    FedRAMP
    US federal cloud providers, government contractors
    ISO 27701
    All sectors handling PII globally

    Nature

    FedRAMP
    US government program, mandatory for federal use
    ISO 27701
    Voluntary international certification standard

    Testing

    FedRAMP
    3PAO assessments, continuous quarterly monitoring
    ISO 27701
    Certification audits, annual surveillance

    Penalties

    FedRAMP
    Loss of authorization, no federal contracts
    ISO 27701
    Loss of certification, no legal penalties

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Common questions about FedRAMP and ISO 27701

    FedRAMP FAQ

    ISO 27701 FAQ

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