ISO 22000
International standard for food safety management systems
NERC CIP
Mandatory standards for BES cybersecurity and reliability.
Quick Verdict
ISO 22000 provides voluntary FSMS certification for global food chains ensuring safe products via HACCP and PRPs. NERC CIP mandates cyber/physical protections for North American electric utilities to prevent grid instability. Organizations adopt them for compliance, market access, and reliability.
ISO 22000
ISO 22000:2018 Food safety management systems requirements
Key Features
- Adopts High-Level Structure for integration with other ISO standards
- Employs two nested PDCA cycles for governance and operations
- Integrates HACCP principles with full management system discipline
- Categorizes controls systematically as PRPs, OPRPs, and CCPs
- Mandates interactive communication across entire food chain
NERC CIP
NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Standards
Key Features
- Risk-based BES Cyber System impact categorization
- Electronic/physical security perimeters with monitoring
- 35-day patch evaluation and log review cadences
- Annual audits and FERC enforcement penalties
- Supply chain risk management for vendors
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
ISO 22000 Details
What It Is
ISO 22000:2018 is the international certification standard for Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS). It applies to any organization in the food chain, providing requirements to deliver safe products via a risk-based approach integrating HACCP principles, PRPs, and HLS management framework.
Key Components
- Clauses 4-10 cover context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, improvement.
- Core elements: PRPs, hazard analysis, OPRPs/CCPs, traceability, verification.
- Built on dual PDCA cycles and interactive communication.
- Supports third-party certification by accredited bodies.
Why Organizations Use It
- Meets regulatory/customer requirements, reduces recall risks.
- Enhances supply chain trust, market access (e.g., GFSI via FSSC 22000).
- Drives efficiency, continual improvement, integration with ISO 9001/14001.
- Builds stakeholder confidence through auditable governance.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: gap analysis, PRP design, hazard control plan, training, audits.
- Scalable for SMEs to multinationals across food sectors globally.
- Requires 3-month operation before certification audits; annual surveillance.
NERC CIP Details
What It Is
NERC CIP (North American Electric Reliability Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection) are mandatory reliability standards for cybersecurity and physical security of the Bulk Electric System (BES). Their primary purpose is to mitigate cyber risks causing BES misoperation or instability, using a risk-based, tiered approach categorizing systems as High, Medium, or Low Impact.
Key Components
- Core standards: CIP-002 (scoping), CIP-003 (governance), CIP-004 (personnel), CIP-005/006 (perimeters), CIP-007 (systems security), CIP-008/009/010 (response/recovery/config), up to CIP-014 (supply chain/physical).
- ~45 detailed requirements across 14 standards.
- Built on recurring cycles (15/35/90-day cadences) and evidence retention (3 years).
- Compliance via annual audits, penalties enforced by FERC.
Why Organizations Use It
- Legal mandate for BES owners/operators in US/Canada/Mexico.
- Reduces outage risks, fines (up to $1M+ per violation).
- Enhances resilience, insurance rates, stakeholder trust.
Implementation Overview
- Phased: scoping, gap analysis, controls, audits.
- Applies to utilities/transmission entities; multi-year for large orgs.
- Requires CIP Senior Manager, documentation, OT/IT integration. (178 words)
Key Differences
| Aspect | ISO 22000 | NERC CIP |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Food safety management systems, HACCP, PRPs | Cyber/physical protection of bulk electric systems |
| Industry | Global food chain organizations, all sizes | North American electric utilities, BES owners |
| Nature | Voluntary ISO certification standard | Mandatory enforceable reliability standards |
| Testing | Internal audits, management reviews, certification audits | Annual audits, evidence retention, enforcement checks |
| Penalties | Loss of certification, market access issues | FERC fines up to $1M per violation |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about ISO 22000 and NERC CIP
ISO 22000 FAQ
NERC CIP FAQ
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