MLPS 2.0 (Multi-Level Protection Scheme) is China's mandatory cybersecurity framework under the 2017 Cybersecurity Law, classifying networks into five levels based on compromise impact to national security and public interests.

Organizations in China must implement it to comply with law, avoid fines (e.g., millions RMB), inspections, and operational disruptions by Public Security Bureaus.

**BenefitsRationalizes security investments, strengthens resilience, enables market access, integrates with ISO 27001/NIST, and prepares for Data Security Law/PIPL.

**Key aspectsImpact-based grading (Levels 1-5), technical/management controls (GB/T 22239-2019 etc.), separation of duties, logging/monitoring, third-party evaluations for Level 2+, cloud/IoT extensions, ongoing assessments.

ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is the international standard for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving an Information Security Management System (ISMS). It stands for systematic protection of information confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA triad) via a risk-based approach.

Organizations adopt it to manage information risks, comply with regulations like GDPR/NIS2, win contracts, reduce breaches, and build trust. Benefits include competitive edge, cost-efficient security, incident resilience, and cross-regulatory harmony.

Key aspects:

• **Clauses 4-10Mandatory management system requirements (context, leadership, planning, support, operation, evaluation, improvement).
• **Annex A93 controls in 4 themes (Organizational, People, Physical, Technological).
• **Statement of Applicability (SoA)Justifies control selection.
• **PDCA cycleEnsures continual improvement.
• Certification via accredited auditors demonstrates maturity.