GDPR
EU regulation for personal data protection and privacy rights
GRI
Global standards for sustainability impact reporting.
Quick Verdict
GDPR mandates data privacy compliance for EU residents globally with hefty fines, while GRI is voluntary sustainability reporting for impacts on economy, environment, people. Companies adopt GDPR to avoid penalties; GRI for stakeholder trust and benchmarking.
GDPR
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 General Data Protection Regulation
Key Features
- Extraterritorial scope applies to non-EU entities targeting EU residents
- Accountability principle mandates demonstrable compliance measures
- Fines up to 4% of global annual turnover for violations
- 72-hour mandatory data breach notification to authorities
- Enhanced data subject rights including erasure and portability
GRI
GRI Sustainability Reporting Standards
Key Features
- Impact-based materiality assessment process
- Modular Universal, Sector, Topic Standards
- Mandatory GRI Content Index for traceability
- Value chain and supply chain disclosures
- Worker participation and OHS management requirements
Detailed Analysis
A comprehensive look at the specific requirements, scope, and impact of each standard.
GDPR Details
What It Is
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), officially Regulation (EU) 2016/679, is a directly applicable EU regulation protecting personal data of individuals in the EU. Its primary purpose is to harmonize data privacy laws across member states with a rights-based, accountability-driven approach, applying extraterritorially to any entity processing EU residents' data.
Key Components
- Seven core principles: lawfulness, purpose limitation, data minimization, accuracy, storage limitation, integrity/confidentiality, and accountability.
- Enhanced data subject rights (access, rectification, erasure, portability, objection).
- Obligations like Data Protection Officers (DPOs), Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs), and 72-hour breach notifications.
- Enforcement via fines up to €20 million or 4% global turnover; no formal certification but ongoing compliance required.
Why Organizations Use It
Mandatory for EU data processors; reduces legal risks, builds trust, enables global data flows, and inspires worldwide standards like LGPD/CCPA. Enhances reputation and competitive edge in digital markets.
Implementation Overview
Involves gap analysis, policy updates, training, DPIAs, and DPO appointment. Applies universally to organizations handling EU data; high complexity suits all sizes but burdens SMEs. No certification; audited by supervisory authorities via complaints/fines.
GRI Details
What It Is
The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards are a modular framework for sustainability reporting. They provide a global common language for disclosing significant impacts on the economy, environment, and people. Core approach: impact-centric materiality, prioritizing actual and potential impacts over financial materiality alone.
Key Components
- Universal Standards (GRI 1: Foundation, GRI 2: General Disclosures, GRI 3: Material Topics) for baseline requirements.
- Sector Standards for high-impact industries like oil & gas, mining.
- Topic Standards (e.g., GRI 403: Occupational Health & Safety, GRI 308: Supplier Environmental Assessment) with specific disclosures. Built on principles like accuracy, balance, verifiability; 'in accordance' compliance via GRI Content Index, no formal certification.
Why Organizations Use It
- Aligns with regulations (e.g., EU CSRD), reduces risk.
- Enables benchmarking, stakeholder trust, investor access.
- Drives governance, data-driven decisions, supply chain due diligence.
Implementation Overview
Phased: materiality assessment, data architecture, management disclosures, Content Index. Applies globally to all sizes; voluntary but assurance-ready.
Key Differences
| Aspect | GDPR | GRI |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Personal data privacy and protection | Sustainability impacts on economy, environment, people |
| Industry | All sectors processing EU data globally | All industries worldwide, sector-specific standards |
| Nature | Mandatory EU regulation with fines | Voluntary sustainability reporting framework |
| Testing | DPIAs, audits, breach notifications | Materiality assessments, internal/external audits |
| Penalties | Up to 4% global turnover fines | No legal penalties, reputational risks |
Scope
Industry
Nature
Testing
Penalties
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about GDPR and GRI
GDPR FAQ
GRI FAQ
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